THE THIRD ARM
By Michael Zakkour
Digital Silk Road complements land and sea routes of the Belt and Road Initiative
The author is vice president of China/Asia Pacific strategy and global digital practices at Tompkins International
The Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013, has made progress, but not without concerns about its ambitions and scope.
The primary concern has been the idea of “debt diplomacy”—that China is building infrastructure in many countries at the price of debt loads, which some countries may not be able to repay. There are also concerns that the initiative needs to be scaled back for reasons of sustainability.
马克思主义唯物史观强调生产力是人类利用和改造自然的能力，是人类生存依托的物质基础。生产力由劳动资料、劳动对象、劳动者和科学技术等要素构成。生态环境所涉及的各个方面与生产力都息息相关。随着走向生态文明新时代，生态环境越来越成为重要的生产力。习近平总书记强调：“要正确处理好经济发展同生态环境保护的关系，牢固树立保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力的理念。”[5]
In his keynote speech at the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation(BRF) in Beijing on April 26, Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed these concerns and made sorting them out a big part of the BRF agenda.
New driver
While the overland Silk Road Economic Belt and the sea-based 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road have been the key points of development for the Belt and Road Initiative, discussions of a new road—the Digital Silk Road—was one of the biggest stories to emerge from the Second BRF.
For many years, China has made the development of its innovation, technology and digital commerce industries key features of its domestic growth and prosperity. Now the Digital Silk Road will export innovation, hardware, software and deals globally to strengthen Chinese domestic and international economic development.
China developed into an economic powerhouse during the first 40 years of the reform and opening-up era through the manufacturing and export of tangible goods. China’s future prosperity will depend in part on the manufacturing and export of technology and digital tools such as fifth-generation (5G)telecommunications technology, artificial intelligence, e-commerce technology, virtual reality,augmented reality and data science tools, and through building the Digital Silk Road that will connect entrepreneurs, small businesses and corporations from around the world and empower them to conduct trade and reset their strategies and operations.
Technology plays and will play a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative. What was made clear at the forum was that the process of creating a third avenue for investment and development is now fully underway.
The Digital Silk Road has two distinct yet connected elements: e-commerce and logistics; and hardware, software and deals.
The second element of the Digital Silk Road is connected to global digital commerce,but has a deeper focus on exporting China’s technologies, hardware, software and network systems and ensures that China and the Group of Seven (G7) act in a cooperative way for global digital governance.
China has zeroed in on exporting technology—hardware, software and digital communications backbones—and the ability to install it abroad to increase trade and ties,and provide other developing nations, as well as more developed ones, tools and deals to speed up and intensify their digital transformation,thus creating economic growth for China and its partner countries.
Its logistics arm Cainiao is building supply chains, delivery capabilities and cross-border ecommerce capabilities globally.
JD.com is also globalizing its commercial services and its partnerships with Walmart,Carrefour, Google and Tencent have the potential to change the face of global commerce.
Cross-border commerce companies like Kaola and Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book) are increasing the flow of goods via digital commerce, while ByteDance has created a global social media sensation with TikTok, its short mobile video platform.
A staff member showcases custom-made shoes at an e-commerce company in Putian, southeast China’s Fujian Province, on February 21
Cars roll off an assembly line at the BelGee CKD plant, a China-Belarus joint venture, near Minsk, Belarus, on December 1, 2018
On the point of cross-border e-commerce,China has established bilateral e-commerce cooperation deals with 17 countries. The total value of retail goods imported and exported through cross-border e-commerce platforms based in China was $20.3 billion in 2018, a 50-percent growth year on year.
It is estimated that Digital Silk Road projects and exports, both under development and signed at the forum, may be worth $200 billion of economic activity. This will propel the Chinese economy as well as those of countries like Singapore, India, Pakistan and numerous African countries.
根据式（1）构建限流器的设计优化目标，再确定一个规模为N的种群A，用选择、重组、变异操作后，进行非支配个体选择后，优化步骤如下：
与一般的道路路基相比，水泥稳定碎石基层路基具有更加坚固和强度更高的特征，其主要工作原理为通过挤压减少地基空隙，提高地基强度和承载能力，其中灰浆用来填补空隙，增加铺设强度，施工初期的强度较高，但后来会出现板块，因此还要提升抗冻性能。
The first falls in line with the Alibaba Group’s mission statement: “to make it easy to do business anywhere.”
Alibaba is in the third year of a major globalization effort in its quest to serve 2 billion consumers and millions of entrepreneurs, small and medium-sized enterprises and multinational companies. The Internet giant is now fully ensconced in Southeast Asia through its acquisition of Southeast Asian e-commerce company Lazada in 2014 and is deepening its operations in Europe.
初中英语读写课必须立足于教材语篇，将阅读教学与写作教学有效整合，从阅读教学的读前、读中和读后活动入手，充分利用语篇拓展写作教学：借助语篇阅读，积累写作素材；引导读析结合，迁移写作技巧；组织随堂训练，强化写作实践。教师应切实关注写作过程指导，为学生搭建写作支架，让学生在模仿中有效提高写作能力，真正实现综合语言运用能力的提高。
This is a shift in the “make it and export it”model, away from low value-added, productintensive industries to high value-added,technology-driven product industries.
公路桥梁施工过程中，施工人员是影响工程质量的一个重要因素，因此需要不断提升施工人员的质量安全意识。需要让施工人员有较高的安全意识，能够保证公路桥梁施工的顺利进行。管理人员需要根据公路桥梁施工的实际情况以及人力资源的发展情况，不断提升施工人员的安全意识，进而提高公路桥梁施工的质量。因此，施工之前需要对施工人员进行相关的质量安全培训，提升其专业技术水平以及综合素质水平。这样不仅能够保证公路桥梁施工管理工作的顺利进行，还能够保证公路桥梁施工的质量安全。
体系、政策、决定的落实与实施需要有专人负责，管理会计的开展与应用同样需要财务专员的配合，同时也使财务部在融入管理会计的时候，对财务管理专员提出了更多的要求。
我的老人们是第一代不识多少字的兵团人，但在他们身上有着许多中华传统美德，从我们刚懂事开始，他们就用这些美德教育要求我们。
A high-profile example of the hardware/software/deals aspect is telecommunications giant Huawei rolling out 5G networks on a global basis. However, these, like the initial rollout of the Belt and Road Initiative, have met with varying levels of acceptance and challenges abroad.
Examples include building faster Internet connections through undersea cables and boosting the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System capable of providing global coverage.
Through the efforts of private enterprises,which are supported by the government, the Digital Silk Road is expanding globally to enable free trade, e-commerce, and business-tobusiness and consumer-to-business industries.
The keys to the Digital Silk Road’s acceleration are the level of trust, perceived value and demonstrated win-win elements.
1.金融业特殊政策优势减弱。近几年，中央政府把国家区域经济发展的重点调整到了中西部地区，以求全国范围内经济发展平衡。因此，深圳利用体制落差吸引人才和资本的优势明显减弱，从而也相对弱化了深圳金融业特殊政策的优势。
Leading the charge
In September 2018, Winston Ma, Managing Director of China Investment Corp., was named chief executive officer of the newly formed China Silkroad Investment and Development, a global alternative asset managing company in Beijing.
On a recent appearance on China Global Television Network, Ma explained the Digital Silk Road. “It’s about the evolution of the digital economy. It’s also about the evolution of digital governance. If you think about the fact that the digital economy has a very strong economic scale and the fact that China and the G7 are the largest digital economies in the world, then they will have the most influence on the development of the future digital economy and the global cyberspace community,” he said.
What’s holding some investors back is a lack of trust in the Belt and Road, including the Digital Silk Road. There are concerns over debt,the environment and local economic impact.
Ma explained that the best way to win the hearts of countries and big companies is to bring about successful projects.
“Through successful examples, people will see that it brings convenience and benefit to the local community,” he said.
The traditional Belt and Road Initiative map must be redrawn to include digital commerce and digital infrastructure roots that will overlay and enhance the land and sea routes already established. Global digital commerce has been already largely accepted as a part of the global commercial landscape. China must take care to ensure that the Digital Silk Road is presented in the context of an overall Belt and Road Initiative that is truly win-win for all involved.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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