非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式,本文主要内容关键词为:主语论文,动词论文,逻辑论文,形式论文,非谓语论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。
非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的动作执行者,其表达形式多种多样。本文将对常见的几种情况作一归纳。
一、动词不定式的逻辑主语
1.逻辑主语是of或for的介词宾语,常见句式为:
①it+be+adj+for sb+不定式
②it+be+adj+of sb+不定式
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is kind of you to help me carry the box.
注意:用在句式②中的形容词是表示不定式的逻辑主语的特殊属性,这类词有:careless,careful,clever,foolish,friendly,general,honest,wise,silly,good,polite,impolite,kind,nice,rude等。其他的形容词多用于句式①中,但right,wrong用在两个句式中均可。
2.逻辑主语是句子的主语。例如:
①We want to go with you.(to go与其逻辑主语we存在逻辑上的主动关系)
②Tom liked to be taken to the theatre this evening.(take与其逻辑主语Tom存在逻辑上的被动关系)
3.逻辑主语是句子的宾语。例如:
①We want it to be done as quickly as possible.(do与其逻辑主语it构成被动关系)
②She asked me to do the work again.(to do the work与其逻辑主语me构成主动关系)
③Parents don't allow us to smoke.(to smoke与其逻辑主语us构成主动关系)
二、动名词的逻辑主语
1.动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时,其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。例如:
①Tom's coming surprised us.
②His not taking the medicine made the mother angry.
2.动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语、表语时,其逻辑主语为形容词性的物主代词/人称代词的宾格;名词的所有格/名词的普通格。例如:
①Would you mind my/me smoking?
②They all thought John's/John going there a great mistake.
3.在动名词的逻辑主语出现以下情况时,必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如:
①无生命名词。例如:
Is there any hope of their group winning the red manner?
②有生命的名词但表示泛指意义。例如
Have you ever heard of women playing basketball?
③两个以上的有生命名词并列。例如:
Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day?
三、分词的逻辑主语
1.分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致。例如:
①Being a student,you must study hard.(being的逻辑主语是you,being和you存在逻辑上的主谓关系)
②When crossing the street,you must be careful.(crossing的逻辑主语是you,crossing和you存在逻辑上的主谓关系)
③Given more time,the students could have done it better.(give的逻辑主语是the students,give和the students存在逻辑上的动宾关系)
④If heated to high temperature,ice can change into water.(heat的逻辑主语是ice,heat和ice存在逻辑上的动宾关系)
2.分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不同,分词必须有自己的主语,即分词前带有名词或代词主格,这种结构称作独立主格结构。例如:
①The homework having been finished,he went to bed.(having been finished的逻辑主语是独立的主格the homework)
②It being a sunny day,I would like to go out for a walk.(being的逻辑主语是独立主格it)
③There being no bus,we had to walk home.(being的逻辑主语是独立主格there)
④Weather permitting,we will visit the Great Wall.(permitting的逻辑主语是独立主格weather.)