目的:探讨Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症的临床疗效。
方法:收集我院门诊确诊的水液缺乏型干眼症患者100例,进行Smart Plug 泪小管塞治疗,观察术后临床疗效、基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerⅠtest, SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(tear break up time, BUT),采用t检验分析对比治疗前后变化情况。
结果:100例患者均行Smart Plug双眼泪点栓塞术(6例行双眼上下泪小管塞,94例单纯行下泪小管塞),其中1例患者植入下泪小管塞后症状未有明显好转,1月后再次植入双眼上泪小管塞,不适症状明显减轻。4例术后出现轻度溢泪症状,但不需要特殊处理。2例出现术后泪小管炎,予以泪小管栓子取出,同时使用局部抗生素治愈。平均随访6个月后所有患者的BUT、SⅠT和FL评分均比术前明显好转,分别由(2.11±1.01、4.20±1.07、6.06±1.97)提高到(4.34±1.22、9.01±1.56、2.33±1.28),患者主观症状好转,治疗后均较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05) 。
结论:Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症具有明确的疗效,对于水液缺乏型干眼病患者可根据病情轻重选择合适的泪道栓塞术治疗,值得临床推广。
关键词:泪小管塞;干眼症;治疗
The Clinical efficacy of Smart plug? in the treatment of aqueous tear deficiency dry eye
YongYao 1,2,YeYuan2, Yueting Ma1, Guanglin Chen1,3, Yingying Su1, Xi Wu1
?1 Department of cornea and ocular surface, Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
2 Department of cornea and ocular surface, C-MER Shenzhen Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
3 Department of cornea and ocular surface, Dongguan Aier Eye Hospital,Dongguan 523000,China
Corresponding Author:YongYao,Email:jackyao1028@126.com?
*:joint first author
Fund project: Guangdong science and technology research fund (A2017486)
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluation the clinical efficacy of Smart plug in the treatment of aqueous tear deficiency dry eye.
Methods: 100 patients with aqueous tear deficiency dry eye were enrolled,and all the patients accepted the treatment with Smart plug, then the clinical efficacy, Schirmer's test, and tear break up time were observed. Break up time, BUT), using t test analysis pre- and post treatment changes.
Results: 100 patients were treated with Smart Plug (6 cases of upper and inferior puncture of the eyes, 94 cases of only inferior lacrimal plug), of which 1 case of patients accepted the upper Smart Plug treatment after implantation of the inferior lacrimal duct because of no significantly symptoms improved.Four patients had mild postoperative tearing and no special treatment was required. Lacrimal canaliculitis occurred postoperatively in 2 cases and the affected plug was removed and treated with topical antibiotic eye drops. The BUT, SⅠT and FL scores of all patients were significantly improved after 6 months of follow-up, respectively, improved from (2.11 ± 1.01, 4.20 ± 1.07, 6.06 ± 1.97) to (4.34 ± 1.22, 9.01 ± 1.56, 2.33 ± 1.28). The subjective symptoms improved after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Smart plug is an effective method for the treatment of aqueous tear deficiency dry eye, For the lack of water-based dry eye patients can choose upper or inferior puncture according to the severity of disease, and it is worthy to promotion.
KEYWORDS:Lacrimal plug; dry eye disease; treatment
干眼是目前世界和我国最为常见的眼表疾病,分为水液缺乏型和蒸发过强型两大类[1, 2]。水液缺乏型干眼症是由于泪腺产生的泪液减少、水液性泪液质量下降造成泪膜不稳定而形成的干眼,水液缺乏型干眼又可分为伴Sj?gren综合征干眼症和不伴Sj?gren综合征干眼症[3-5] ,可引起眼部刺激症状、异物感及易疲劳等不适[6],目前,临床上最多采用的是人工泪液缓解干眼症患者症状,本研究使用Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症,通过封闭患者泪小点以阻止泪液排出,使正常分泌的泪液在眼内滞留,从而改善症状,取得较好疗效。
1对象和方法:
1.1研究对象
研究对象为在门诊收治的100 例200 眼) 水液缺乏型干眼症患者,其中男41例(82眼),女59例(118眼),年龄18~80 岁,平均(45.41 ± 13.85) 岁。按统一的入选标准和排除标准筛选患者,统一签署治疗知情同意书。
研究对象的纳入与排除标准:
纳入标准:1)所有患者均出现两种以上的自觉不适症状,如眼干涩感、眼红、畏光、异物感、痒感、烧灼感、黏性分泌物、视物模糊瞬目后好转、视疲劳等;2)检查:泪液分泌试验(Schirmer I test, S I T)<10mm/5min;3)泪液膜破裂时间(tear film break up time, TBUT)<10s;4)角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分>2分;5)日常使用人工泪液的患者每天3次以上,症状不能够完全缓解,要求植入泪小管塞者[7];
排除标准: 所有患者均排除泪道疾病、眼表活动性炎症、屈光性角膜手术后及其他明显眼部疾病。
1.2方法
1)术前冲洗泪道,扩张泪小点,保持泪道通畅。使用盐酸爱尔凯因滴眼液进行表面麻醉,暴露泪小点,用显微镊将Smart Plug 泪小管塞垂直插入泪小点,沿泪小管方向插入2/3。接触体温后Smart Plug 泪小管塞缩短膨胀,完全缩入泪小管。术后使用抗生素滴眼液。
2)1周、6月后分别进行复诊,检查项目包括:(1)记录患者结膜充血、畏光、干涩、烧灼、异物感、疲劳感等情况;(2) SⅠT:将滤纸条上端标记处对折置于结膜囊内的中外1/3处,嘱患者闭眼5min 后取出滤纸,计录滤纸润湿长度。(3)BUT:在患者结膜囊内滴入1滴荧光素钠,嘱眨眼,从最后1次瞬目后睁眼至荧光素染色泪膜表面出现干斑,记为BUT 测量值。(4)FL评分标准:将角膜分为4个象限,规定无染色为0,有染色则分轻、中、重3级,共0-12分。
1.3统计学
统计用SPSS?16.0统计学软件(2.12.12版本)进行分析处理。患者治疗前后差异比较由t检验得出,显著性水平定义为:当P>0.05时,差别无统计学意义,当P<0.05时,差别有统计学意义。
2结果
纳入的所有患者均行Smart Plug双眼泪点栓塞术(6例行双眼上下泪小管塞,94例单纯行下泪小管塞),其中1例患者植入下泪小管塞后症状未有明显好转,1月后再次植入双眼上泪小管塞,不适症状明显减轻。4例术后出现轻度溢泪症状,但不需要特殊处理。2例出现术后泪小管炎,予以泪小管栓子取出,同时使用局部抗生素治愈。平均随访6个月后所有患者的BUT、SⅠT和FL评分均比术前明显好转,患者主观症状好转,治疗后均较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05),见表1。
3讨论
本研究显示,Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症具有明确的疗效,对于水液缺乏型干眼病患者可行泪道栓塞治疗。
目前干眼的主要治疗方法有人工泪液、免疫抑制剂、泪小管栓塞、以及颌下腺移植等[8-10]。人工泪液主要针对轻中度干眼患者,虽然可以使干眼患者症状得到暂时的部分缓解,但依然也存在许多不足之处:(1)许多病人因为长期且频繁用药,依从性会逐渐下降,(2)大多数人工泪液都含有防腐剂,长期频繁使用会加重眼表损伤;(3)人工泪液不具有正常泪液所含的抗菌成分,例如缺乏正常泪液中含有的溶菌酶、免疫球蛋白及表皮生长因子等,而这些成分具有抑制或杀灭病原微生物、发挥免疫功能、启动眼表上皮的正常生长与分化等功能[11];(4)长期频繁滴用人工泪液会将正常的泪膜冲走,从而加快泪液的蒸发[11, 12];
近几年采用Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症的研究越来越多都取得了较好的疗效[13-16],通过阻塞泪小管,阻断泪液流向泪管,减缓泪液流失,延长泪液在结膜囊中停留的时间,可起到有效保存泪液的作用[17, 18]。泪液中含有的生长因子、免疫球蛋白及其他离子成分,能够提高眼部防御能力。本研究结果显示,所有患者在行Smart plug泪点栓塞术且持续随访6个月后,其BUT、SⅠT和FL评分均比术前有明显好转,患者主观不适症状好转或消失,下方泪河明显增宽,取得满意疗效。
Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼症时根据病情轻重可选择行单独下泪小管栓塞或上下泪小管联合栓塞。特别是伴有Sj?gren综合征干眼症的严重患者,其单纯使用下泪小管塞的疗效有限,最好上下联合使用泪小管塞,有些研究中提到, SⅠT<7mm/5min,BUT<4s,FL>6 分的干眼症患者应植入2 个泪道栓子,SⅠT>7mm/5min,B UT>4s,FL<6 分的干眼症患者可选择植入1 个泪道栓子,并取得良好疗效[19, 20]。
长期应用Smart plug泪小管塞治疗最常见,也是最严重的并发症是泪小管炎或泪囊炎。本组病例中发生泪小管炎2例(2%),均取出泪小管栓子、局部滴抗生素眼水治愈。未有需要行泪小管切开治疗的。
总之,本研究显示Smart plug泪小管塞在治疗水液缺乏型干眼症上是非常有效的,可根据病情轻重选择合适的泪道栓塞术治疗,值得临床推广。长期观察要注意泪小管炎等并发症。更全面、更准确评价其临床疗效还需要今后大样本及多中心的进一步临床研究。
致谢
本研究由广东省科学技术研究基金(A2017486)资助。
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论文作者:姚勇1,2,袁野2,马月庭1,陈冠麟1,3, 苏莹莹1,吴熙
论文发表刊物:《健康世界》2019年第11期
论文发表时间:2020/1/6
标签:泪液论文; 小管论文; 患者论文; 干眼症论文; 症状论文; 栓塞论文; 疗效论文; 《健康世界》2019年第11期论文;