A Neighborly Act
China-India talks produce blueprint for greater cooperation By Swaran Singh
3.2.3推动水产生态健康养殖 优化水产养殖空间布局，指导地方全面完成沿江养殖水域滩涂规划编制，依法科学划定禁止养殖区、限制养殖区和养殖区。推动水产养殖结构调整，大力推广池塘和工厂化循环水养殖、大水面生态增养殖、稻渔综合种养、渔农复合养殖和盐碱水养殖等模式，支持发展碳汇渔业、净水渔业。引导开展水产健康养殖示范创建，支持发展休闲观光渔业，把水产养殖场建设成为美丽渔场、水上景观。加快水产良种场建设，提高良种应用覆盖率。
The author is a professor at the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and adjunct senior fellow at the Charhar Institute, Beijing
TtSUaC
The China-India Strategic and Economic Dialogue (SED) held in New Delhi, India on September 7-9 was the sixth meeting in nine years. When it was created in December 2010, during then Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's official visit to India, the agreement was that SED would meet annually and alternatively in New Delhi and Beijing.
Though the slow progress is attributed to politics, the China-India equation has been recast after the informal meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province in central China, last year.
A new working group will be set up for resource conservation and environmental protection, exploring fl ood and erosion control methods and controlling air pollution.
Today's advanced technologies offer vast potential for China-India collaboration, such as developing artificial intelligence (AI), hi-tech manufacturing and 5G mobile communication, where China has shown its expertise. The two sides agreed to establish a working group for technology to focus on technological innovation, the industrial situation today and ways to strengthen digital partnerships, data governance and related industry policy.
The proposals at the sixth meeting came from SED's six working groups on infrastructure, energy, hi-tech, resource conservation, policy coordination and pharmaceuticals. In the future, there will be more working groups covering new areas.
Areas of collaboration
According to a press release issued after the meeting, the talks focused on policy coordination and assessing trade and investment climates to identify potential areas of collaboration, especially in financial technology and related technologies.
The working group on hi-tech has proposed partnerships in policy, strategies and technologies like 5G, AI and the Internet of Things.
进而，本文对控制变量进行了平滑性检验，即要求除了受教育年限外，其他控制变量在断点两边应该是连续的。根据非参数局部线性回归方法，表6描述了控制变量的连续性检验结果。根据最后一列Lwald估计量结果可以发现，这些控制变量满足平滑性假定。
美国疾病预防控制中心CDC，曾经从美国城市亚特兰大的161个公共和私人游泳池做了调查，发现每个进泳池的人都附着至少0.14克大便物质。
The press statement also said that the two sides have agreed to explore cooperation for promoting Indian generic drugs and Chinese active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). While India is the largest supplier of generic medicines, China accounts for the bulk of the world's APIs. According to India's official estimates for 2018-19, China accounted for over 67 percent of India's total imports of bulk drugs and drug intermediates that enabled India to be the world leader in generic medicines.
The working group on pharmaceuticals, set up only last year, holds special promise for two reasons. First, the last decade has seen China's world-class infrastructure and equipment plus low tuition fees make it a desired destination for Indian students pursuing studies in medicine. Nearly 15,000 students were studying medicine in China, and last year more students followed suit compared to Indian students' traditional destination, the UK.
想到这里，我扭身便走。没有肉体的羁绊，我在空间移动的速度只在一转念间，好像一缕青烟被风嗖的一声吸去，我已来到一座红砖小楼内。我看见了那个与我有过肌肤之亲的女子——叶霭玲。她正在窗下编织，我不知道她编织的是谁的衣物。我想上前去爱抚她，可是我既没有形体，当然也就无从做起，只能幻化作一片阴翳，使她感觉到目光看不清手里的编织物。
裕固族传统体育是裕固族人民在游牧生活过程中进行娱乐活动的主要方式之一，是裕固族祖先弘扬军民团结和追求健康身体的直接体现，其悠久的历史，和当时“逐水草而居”的游牧文化环境下的居民生活、社会生产、部落角逐、军事活动有着密不可分的关联，是裕固族人们创造并传承的文化表现形式之一，是研究裕固族乃至西部游牧民族历史的一个重要资料。
Second, India's cheap generic and critical care medicines have led to the subcontinent being dubbed the pharmacy of the world. However, it has also created intellectual property right (IPR) concerns among developed nations like the United States, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The latter two are pushing for stricter IPR enforcements in the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) treaty, the free trade agreement between the 10-member ASEAN countries and Australia, China, India, Japan, the ROK and New Zealand.
Chinese companies are already a formidable presence in India's e-commerce, logistics and telephony sectors, like Alibaba Group with investment in Indian digital payment platform Paytm, and smartphone brand Xiaomi, which tops the sale of mobile phones in India. Once these partnerships go official, both sides will maximize their benefi ts.
The working group on pharmaceuticals held its fi rst meeting in Beijing in May, where it proposed to build shared platforms for cooperation through exchanges, fairs and joint China-India pharmaceutical industry trainings. This can be transformative for the two countries' pharmaceutical industries.
Railway link
Another area that has seen concrete collaborative results is infrastructure, especially in railways. China is famous for its vast accident-free, highspeed rail network that today constitutes two thirds of the world's total high-speed rail and is building maglev trains based on magnetic levitation with a speed of 600 km per hour. India by comparison stands at the cusp of revamping its railway system.
康、乾二帝在南巡期间所游览的景观类型丰富多样，涉及6个主要的大类。在笔者统计的1565首南巡诗、721副匾联中，自然旅游资源占总数的35.11%，人文旅游资源占64.89%。可见，康、乾二帝南巡期间所游景观以人文景观为主。
An offi ce at an Internet company offi ce in the China-India Science and Technology International Innovation Park in Linyi City, east China's Shandong Province, on May 12, 2017
The last two decades have seen India launch smarter trains and rapid mass transit systems as higher economic growth whets the hunger for world-class infrastructure. India is developing nine high-speed rail corridors with the target of doubling the speed from the current 80 km per hour. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group has done the feasibility study for a nearly 340-km corridor in south India, running through three cities, Chennai, Bengaluru and Mysuru. Another corridor runs from capital New Delhi to Agra City, where the iconic Taj Mahal is located.
后来，随着颍河的多次改道，小商河水日益枯竭，不再是一个水气氤氲，凤凰栖身的所在。干涸的河道，凝滞的河水，千年沧桑应如是，迢迢来路应如是。
This would affect the marketing of India's cheaper medicines in the RCEP member countries, if not elsewhere as well. However, better China-India coordination will not only strengthen Indian pharmaceutical exports but also see China, the world's largest market, opening up further to Indian pharmaceuticals. This will provide Chinese consumers cheaper drugs and also help rectify the China-India trade defi cit.
Initiatives in the pharmaceutical sector will boost the professional expertise of the increasing number of Indian doctors being trained in China. Some of them may continue to practice or research with China's health industries, becoming health ambassadors for both China and India.
The energy conservation and environmental protection working group will explore cooperation in sectors like reducing coal-fired power plant emissions, sewage treatment, urban water supply and drainage, and flood prevention.
It also discussed cooperation in resource conservation through innovation and effective utilization of low-cost construction technologies and agreed to share information in areas like waste-to-power, co-processing of sewage sludge and storm-water management.
SED, led by India's planning commission NITI Aayog and China's National Development and Reform Commission, by virtue of comprising senior representatives from policymaking, industry and academic circles, has become an ideal platform for regularly sharing assessments on global macroeconomic and commercial trends and reviewing bilateral proposals for sector-specifi c action.
不仅如此，支股或条目的内容可以随意变更或增删，使传统小学数学的稳定结构被一个脆弱的不稳定结构所取代；给课程标准的制定者提供了很大的空间与自由度，以进行所谓的‘创新’，从而设计出了诸多不同版本的‘发现式数学’.
The working group on energy agreed on building partnerships in new and renewable energy and supporting power grids in thirdcountry markets, which reflects the growing mutual trust and confi dence.
What makes this special is that apart from their 2005 successful joint bidding for 38 percent of Petro-Canada's share in Al Furat gas and oilfi elds in Syria, China and India are viewed as the world's largest energy importers and therefore, competitors.
Competitors to partners
This change of mood echoes potential partnerships in the International Solar Alliance, a grouping of over 120 countries seeking to utilize more solar energy through a common approach. The decision to undertake joint research and development of new technologies for manufacturing solar cells from new materials promises to improve effi ciency while lowering costs.
China's expertise in affordable photovoltaic technologies can help both China and India switch to cleaner energy from their overdependence on high-polluting fossil fuels like coal and oil.
Despite the progress, there are still more areas to explore. One unique segment would be poverty alleviation and forming a working group on that. China has lifted over 800 million people out of poverty and India about 300 million. Just like their growing understanding on climate change mitigation or countering terrorism, eliminating poverty worldwide can provide both China and India one more actionable mission.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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