Growing by Groups and Bounds
By Wang Jun
Coordinated regional development on the menu as urbanization reaches new stage
As China’s urbanization process enters a new stage, more and more people will come to work and live in cities, thereby triggering a new challenge—how should cities develop and how should different cities relate to one another?
There is a change in China’s urbanization process with cities developing in an increasingly coordinated way. For instance,under the coordinated development strategy initiated by the Central Government,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in north China has changed the model of fragmented development.
NSR增加时，脱硝效率随之增加。但是随着NSR增加，脱硝效率增加的幅度呈指数规律下降。当NSR超过2.0之后再增加还原剂量不会使脱硝效率明显增加。
In his government work report delivered on March 5, Premier Li Keqiang said the government will promote coordinated development across regions and improve the quality of new urbanization. City clusters will be nurtured through the development of leading cities.
According to Yang Kaizhong, Vice President of the Beijing-based Capital University of Economics and Business and Chairman of the Regional Science Association of China, leading cities mean megacities and some large cities that can play a leading role within a region. With their advantages, leading cities can highly integrate with adjacent areas and form a metropolitan area.
The NDRC has approved plans for several city clusters. Some of the prominent ones are the Harbin-Changchun city cluster, the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster and the Yangtze River Delta city cluster.
In 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed a coordinated regional development strategy. City clusters are deemed as the basis of coordinated development of cities of different sizes and small towns.
City cluster plans
A high-speed train travels from Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province, a major city in the Yangtze River Delta, to Huangshan in the neighboring Anhui Province on December 25, 2018
A night scene in the western metropolis of Chongqing in October 2018. It is part of the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster
In the four decades since the policy of reform and opening up was adopted,China has been urbanizing at an average annual rate of over 1 percent. According to figures from the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2018, the permanent urban population in China had reached 831.37 million. The urbanization rate based on permanent population was 59.98 percent, and the urbanization rate based on registered population touched 43.37 percent.
“City clusters are an inexorable trend in the urbanization process,” Mo Tianquan,Chairman of Fang Holdings Ltd., a real estate portal, and a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference National Committee, said. “If about 20 city clusters can be formed, China will be able to not only solve the real estate problems, but also boost economic growth in the future decade.”
For the Figure 1c), the relationship of configuration formula derivation is shown as:
City clusters are regional agglomerates of two or more metropolitan areas.
在装有温度计、搅拌器和回流冷凝器的250mL三口瓶中，加入一定量的蒸馏水，开启搅拌，加热至30℃；然后向三口瓶中加入溶有引发剂和交联剂的单体混合物（按一定质量比配置的AMPS、AA、AM水溶液），提高搅拌速度，搅拌10min使混合物在三口瓶中均匀分布，配制成一定单体浓度（默认30%）的水溶液，并用20%的NaOH溶液调节溶液pH值至目标值（2～9），通氮气除氧 30min，加热至一定温度后（50～80℃）恒温反应5 h。反应结束后，体系自然冷却至室温，将产物用乙醇洗涤3次后在80℃真空干燥箱中干燥，粉碎后制得白色粉末即为三元共聚物缓凝剂。
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) defines a metropolitan area as an urban spatial form within one hour’s commuting circle centered on a certain metropolis within a city cluster. To develop metropolitan areas, the government must establish uniform markets and realize the integration of infrastructure and public services across different administrative regions.
Han Yun, an urbanization planning official at the NDRC, said with the country entering a stage of rapid urbanization, the focus should be to improve the quality of the process and make full use of the ensuing bonus.
Mo thinks building city clusters and metropolitan areas can address the problems these cities face during their development. The advantages of leading cities in industries and public services will drive their surrounding areas’ development.In addition, city clusters will better utilize the advantages of leading cities in urban management and improve management efficiency, fully utilize resources and avoid ineffective competition.
The benefits of urbanization include greater convenience for residents, greater food production and cities becoming more efficient.
The already launched city cluster plans have provisions for the connection and sharing of education, healthcare and other basic public services. The plans approved by the Central Government include development orientation of industries and functions inside the clusters, which will help local governments formulate industrial policies and improve function divisions inside the clusters.
Yang said the development of city clusters should mainly be based on the market.The government plans are a signal to guide market players. In addition, institutional innovation for future development of urbanization must include intensi fied reforms of land, healthcare, household registration,social security, education and transportation systems.
Visitors participate in snow sports in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, on January 20
Integration is key
While this year’s government work report only says the development of city clusters will be stimulated through the development of leading cities, in China’s urbanization layout, metropolitan areas are also very important. On February 21, the NDRC issued a guideline on cultivating and developing modern metropolitan areas.
学习贯彻十八届三中全会精神 着力推进水利投融资体制改革……………………………………………………… 汪安南(23.1)
Yin Zhi, Executive Deputy Director of the Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization under Tsinghua University, said in a recent article that not a single local government at any level had been able to well address the challenges of spatial expansion of metropolitan areas.
东北证券研究院此前的一份研报显示，中国北部地区冬季平均气温可达-15℃以下，最低气温可低至-30℃以下。传统电池性能在-20℃开始衰减，在-30℃以下恒流充电容量仅为充电总容量的14%，严重影响客车的运营。在这样的情况下，银隆的钛酸锂电池工作温度范围极宽，在-50℃环境温度下充放电性能依然保持良好，拥有极大的技术优势。
Therefore the latest round of modern metropolitan area plans must focus not on expansion of spatial resources or overlay of policies by different governments, but on realizing regional coordination through production readjustments and establishing more open trading platforms.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
Comments to wangjun@bjreview.com
标签：Growing论文; GROUPS论文; and论文; BOUNDS论文; URBANIZATION论文; PROCESS论文;