Studying China
The World Forum on China Studies opens in Shanghai on September 10
A forum on China studies reviews the country's development over the past 70 years and its worldwide benefits By Wei Hongchen
Nicholas Platt, U.S. diplomat and President Emeritus of the Asia Society, can't remember how many times he has been to China. He thinks it's got to be more than 60 times.
Platt accompanied then U.S. President Richard Nixon on his historic visit to Beijing in 1972 and witnessed the normalization of China-U.S. relations as a diplomat for over 30 years. He has also assumed important positions with several China-U.S. cultural exchange organizations. His memoir China Boys: How U.S. Relations With the PRC Began and Grew offers an insider's view of the U.S. opening up to China and the ensuing pioneering days of China-U.S. relations.
“I think it's very important that people learn about the Chinese language, culture and history,” Platt said at the Eighth World Forum on China Studies held in Shanghai on September 10-11.
【本刊2018年10月综合报道】 近期，美国唯一核电在建项目的估计造价再次上升，但该项目业主仍决定继续推进该项目，继续在沃格特勒建设两台AP1000机组。
The forum brought together over 300 experts and scholars from 35 countries and international organizations. Participants held discussions on a wide range of topics including the Belt and Road Initiative, overseas China studies and mutual learning and exchanges between Chinese and foreign civilizations.
Established in 2004, the forum is a biennial event jointly hosted by the State Council Information Offi ce and the Shanghai Municipal Government. It aims to provide a platform for China studies experts to communicate with each other and review the latest trends in China studies to help develop an academic community with international infl uence.
Platt, who has participated in the forum fi ve times, was presented the Award for Outstanding Contributions to China Studies in recognition of his special contribution to China-U.S. relations and his long-term attention to China. The other three recipients of the award were Hamashita Takeshi, research department head of Japan's largest Asian studies library Toyo Bunko; Kristofer Schipper, a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; and Tu Weiming, Dean of the Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies at Peking University and Professor Emeritus and Senior Fellow at the Asia Center at Harvard University.
基于前述制剂生产特点，如没有信息系统的帮助，单靠一两个统计和财务人员手工操作，制剂成本核算盲目追求理论上的按品种的产品成本等完全成本核算方式，不但核算工作量太大，而且容易产生偏差误导决策。随着信息技术的不断发展，信息系统在医院财务管理中的应用越来越广泛，医院制剂的生产和核算信息化必将成为改善制剂管理的有力手段。一方面，制剂部门配备专门的制剂库存管理软件，实现对制剂物资的高效管理；另一方面，系统软件逐一计算每种药品的材料及费用，从而实现单个制剂成品的成本核算。
China studies craze
在新媒体背景下，报纸行业工作人员应对编辑工作重新思考和定位，注重创新思维的提升，不断提高提升工作能力。笔者认为，可以从以下两个方面来进行：首先，报纸编辑应改变幕后工作的方式，充分把握受众的基本特点，提高对新闻的洞察力和敏感性，适时调整工作重心，挖掘新闻采编环节，从而提升新闻生产的积极主动性；其次，报纸编辑应对有价值的新闻进行深度挖掘，丰富新闻信息的内容和可读性，从新闻的采编、数据收集和技术整理出发，以新闻的可靠性为基础，做好新闻策划和编辑工作，提升受众的忠诚度。
“When I fi rst began to study sinology, there were few people doing any research,” Schipper, who is regarded as one of the three greatest sinologists in Europe, said. Back then, Europeans thought of sinology as a gentlemen's club, entertainment for the few. “Now almost the whole world is learning Chinese. This is not only good for China but also for the world,” the 85-year-old commented.
“When my generation of sinologists started studying China in the 1960s, we studied historical records of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,” Hamashita said. He came to China for the first time at the beginning of the 1980s to learn about local industries in China's coastal areas. Since then, he has been studying China's coastal areas, relations between China and other parts of Asia and China's globalization, and realized along the way that because of China's development and reform, the world is also undergoing historic transformation.
Tu said China studies are no longer restricted to East Asia studies but are playing an important role in globalization and are helpful for China's own development.
China has broken the pattern that socialism can only adopt a planned economy and not a market economy, and that only pure public ownership can be accepted rather than allowing various kinds of ownership to exist, he said. “Such a path was not forced upon us but was forged through Chinese people's audacious trials under the leadership of the CPC,” Zhang said.
He also said that overseas China studies have made great progress in the past decades, while an increasing number of people are studying Taoism and Yi-ology, the study of the ancient classic Yi Jing , or Book of Changes .
China studies include both traditional sinology and studies of contemporary China. As a rapidly expanding economy, it's natural for China to attract widespread international attention as the scope and depth of China studies expand.
Fan Gang, a professor of economics at Peking University, added, “China's comparative advantages at the beginning of reform and opening up, such as cheap and abundant labor, laid a foundation for its development. However, over the past 20 years, knowledge has played a more important role,” he said.
1969年，调水入洪泽湖的时间有19个旬，主要在11月中旬—2月下旬、4月下旬—6月中旬，入洪泽湖泵站装机利用小时为3 100 h，入湖平均流量为159 m3/s；调水出洪泽湖的时间有35个旬，基本覆盖全年，出洪泽湖泵站装机利用小时数为5 700 h，出湖平均流量为228 m3/s。
Global benefits
This year, the forum was themed China and the World: Progressing Together Over 70 Years, in reference to the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The forum reviewed the role of the Communist Party of China (CPC) as it continues to lead the Chinese people toward prosperity and national renewal.
Scholars offered their own interpretations of China's development and its contribution to the world at the forum and agreed that China's reforms have benefi ted the rest of the world.
Platt recalled that Lujiazui, where the forum was held, used to be a village, whereas today, the dynamic area is packed with skyscrapers and has become a microcosm of Shanghai's and indeed China's modernization.
“It all comes down to the fact that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics that suits the times,” Zhang Daogen, President of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (SASS), commented.
Looking back on history, culture often thrives as a result of the improvement of a country's national strength. Overseas China studies have developed fast since reform and opening up began in 1978, Liang Yi, a professor with Beijing Union University, said.
西王之“亡羊”，指的是赛季前亮相时偏于高调，对赛季中可能遇到的困难和意外估计不足。西王从高速手里接过的，看似是一支上个赛季差一点打进总决赛的超一流强队，可实质上，由于高速在俱乐部运作上的“反规律化”，球队不是以一种正常的方式走到了当时的高度，而一旦那种方式持续不下去了，球队的一切都面临着重构。这个任务的艰巨，远远超过了西王集团和俱乐部的想象。
Platt recounted that China studies are now a huge fi eld in the U.S. “People are not stopping the study of China. More and more people are learning the Chinese language all the time. I still wish there were more and that the pace was faster. China is here. You can't deny it. You'd better learn about it. ”
农户小额信用贷款是基于农户信用发放的贷款，本身存在一定的信用风险。针对这种风险，应当适当建立风险补偿机制，建立贷款风险防范体系，为农户小额信用贷款构建起安全防护网。要通过以奖代补的方式，对达到涉农贷款标准的农村金融机构给予财政奖励，引导和激励农村金融机构加大涉农贷款，从而使奖励费用覆盖信贷中出现的风险[5]。
“Understanding China's past reforms and the basis for China's success is important for future reforms. Understanding the path traveled, the circumstances under which historical decisions were made and what their effects were on the course of China's economy will inform decision makers on where to go next,” said Bert Hofman, Director of the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore.
“China's experiences will benefit other countries as well, as more of them see China as an example to emulate, a model of development that could mean moving from rags to riches within a generation,” Hofman added.
中国通过建立社会主义市场经济制度，选择适合基于中国比较优势的经济发展方式，适时调控宏观经济，实现中国国民经济的持续、高速增长，保证经济增长在较长时期内惠及贫困和低收入人群。1980—2012年全国农民人均纯收入年均增长6.6%，同期底层20%、40%、60%和80%农户人均纯收入分别年均增长4.5%、5.4%、5.9%和6.3%(图2)。
As China pushes forward China-Africa cooperation and the Belt and Road Initiative, more countries will be able to share China's growth dividends, he said.
Pan Shiwei, former secretary of the SASS Party Committee, said the center of the global system is showing signs of shifting from Western countries to non-Western countries and China will be the fi rst non-Western country to realize modernization under socialism. As it works toward national renewal, China's path, experience, wisdom and solution will have a farreaching infl uence.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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