高中英语第三册13—16单元语言要点讲解与归纳，本文主要内容关键词为：归纳论文,要点论文,第三册论文,单元论文,高中英语论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
1.A 55-storey building went up in 1913.1913 年建起了一座55层的大楼。
1）a 55-storey building一座55层的大楼
storey（楼）层，英国英语；美国英语为story。 它们的复数形式分别是storeys或stories。
Two buildings with six storeys(stories)
each have beenbuilt in our school.我们学校盖了两幢六层大楼。
a ten-storey building=a building of ten storeys 一座十层大楼
注意：含有名词的复合形容词作前置定语时，其中的名词不能用复数形式。再如：
a five-year plan一个五年计划
a million-pound note一张百万英镑的钞票
a three-foot-high tree一棵三英尺高的树
a five-hundred-word article一篇五百字的文章
an eighty-meter-long bridge一座八十米长的桥
注：storeyed 也常用以构成复合形容词。 如：a six- storeyedbuilding一幢六层大楼
2）go up（房子等）建起来＝be put up
Tall buildings are rapidly going up along the roadleading to the downtown area.通往市中心的公路两旁一座座高楼大厦迅速地拔地而起。
go up还有“上升（涨）”、“攀登”等意思。
Prices used to go up daily in some western countries.有些西方国家物价天天都在上涨。
The grain production has been going up since 1995.自1995年以来粮食产量一直在不断增长。
He panted when he went up the hill.他登山时气喘吁吁。
由go构成的短语常见的还有：
go down下降（落）；go by（时间等）过去；go through经历（困难）；go over复习。
2.When necessary“在必要时”，是when it is necessary的省略。
有些时间、条件状语从句，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或主语是it时，常常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）。
这些省略的时间和条件状语从句通常由when,while,before,till(until),whenever,if,unless等引导。如：
Be careful when(you are) crossing the street.过马路时要小心。
Whenever(it is)possible,he will come to help me.只要可能他就来帮助我。
She is shy and doesn't speak until(she is)spoken to.她很腼腆，你若不跟她说话她是不会开口的。
Come and give me a hand if(it is)possible.可能的话请来帮个忙。
He won't come to your wedding party unless invited.除非他受到邀请，否则他是不会来参加你的婚礼的。
3.dip into与dip…into
dip into=look through意思是“随便翻阅”、“浏览”、 “涉猎”，常用作它的宾语的词有book,article,subject等。
I haven't read that book carefully.I've only dipped intoit.我没有仔细地看那本书，只是随便翻阅了一下。
You'll never learn anything if you only dip into allkinds of subjects.如果你对各门学科只是浅尝辄止的话，那你就永远学不到东西。
dip…into意思是“把……浸入液体中取出”，“蘸”。
Each student dipped a finger into the mixture and suckedit.每个学生都把一个手指伸进混合液里蘸了一下，然后舔了舔。
He dipped his pen into the ink and then went on writing.他把钢笔伸进墨水里蘸了一下，然后接着写下去。
4.refer to
1）指的是；提到；作“谈到”讲时意同speak of(about);mention。如：
This is not the book which I referred to.这不是我说的那本书。
In the course of his speech,he referred several things toChina's wonderful achievements in reform.在讲演中， 他屡次提到中国在改革中所取得的惊人成就。
2）参考；查阅=turn to;consult
If you don't know what this means,refer to(=look it up in) the dictionary.如果你不知道这是什么意思，就去查字典。
3）涉及；有关；针对=be directed towards;concern
What he has just said is a general remark and does notrefer to any person in particular.他刚才只是泛泛而谈，并不专指某个人。
The new law does not refer to land used for farming.新法律与耕地无关。
5.hit somebody on the head“打某人的头”
这是一个同汉语不同的表达方式。动词后面接人作宾语，再跟上一个介词短语作状语，表明动作涉及的具体部位或方式。需要注意：在身体部位前要用定冠词the，如：
He hit the boy in the face.（正）
He hit the boy in his face.（误）
表示动作涉及的部位时用介词in，on；用介词by则表示动作的方式，如：
The farmer was beaten(struck)on the nose.农夫的鼻子被打了。
He patted me gently on the shoulder.他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。
The policeman caught(seized,took)the thief by the collar.警察抓住了小偷的领子。
下面两句意思相同，但表达方式不一样。
She shook his hand warmly.= She shook him by the handwarmly.她跟他热情地握手。
6.……and by the end of the chapter,you'll have guessedits meaning.到了这章快读完时，你就会猜出这个词的意义了。
will have guessed是将来完成时，它的构成形式是：
will/shall+have+过去分词
这一时态表示动作在将来某一时刻业已完成，通常与一个表示将来某个时间的状语（如：by 2 o'clock/tomorrow;by the end of thismonth/year等）连用，也用于when,before,by the time 等连词引导的状语从句中。如：
I'll have completed the course by this time next year.到明年这个时候我将学完这一课程。
How many units will you have covered by the end of thisterm?到学期末你们将学完多少单元？
Perhaps we shall have finished the experiment before hearrives tonight.今晚他到达以前我们或许可以把这个实验做完。
7.now that作“既然”解，引导原因状语从句，口语中that常可省略，意思相当于since。但now that引导的从句只能放在主句之前， 而since引导的从句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。如：
Now that you mention it,I do remember.你这样一提，我就记起来了。
Now that the fog is clearing,you can see the mountain inthe distance.雾已散了，你可看到远处的山了。
Since you can't answer the question,perhaps we'd betterask someone else.既然你无法回答这个问题，也许我们该问问别人。
Let's try another,since this method doesn't work.既然这种方法不行，我们就试试另一种吧。
8.I should't have ordered the equipment without askingyou first.我不该预先不请示你就订购了设备。
should+不定式的完成式，表示过去本该作某事而实际上未做，含有责备意味。should可用ought to 替换。如：
I should have been there,but I couldn't find the time.我本该去那儿，但没找到时间。
You are so lazy! The work should have been finished hoursago.你太懒了，几小时前你就该干完这活。
如表过去不该做某事而实际上做了，则用shouldn't +不定式的完成式，shouldn't可用oughtn't替换。如：
You shouldn't have left without saying good-bye to them.你不该不向他们道别就一走了之。
但在下面的句子中，不得用ought to取代should。
It's strange that that lazybones should have passed theexam.奇怪的是，那个懒虫竟然考试也及格了。
类似结构：needn't+不定式的完成式。这一结构中的need 只限于否定式，表示过去时间里做了本来不必做的事。
You needn't have waited for him.你根本没有必要等他。
9.remind与remember
remind是指“提醒某人（做某事）”；或“在某人的提醒下做某事”，后可跟名词、代词、不定式或从句。如：
“You haven't written to mother,”he reminded me.“你还没给妈妈写信，”他提醒我说。
Remind me to call him up at six.提醒我在六点钟给他打电话。
She reminded me that I haven't posted my letter.她提醒我说还没把信邮走。
remind与of连用，构成remind sb.of sth.的结构， 表示“使某人想起某事”。
The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.影片使他回想起在巴黎所看到的情况。
The sight of that doll reminded me of my childhood.看到那个娃娃，使我想起了我的童年。
remember意为“记得（做）某事”，主语必须是人。
I still remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.我还记得小时候被带着去北京的情况。
需要注意：不定式和v-ing形式作remember的宾语， 含义有很大差别。如：
I remember having paid him the money.我记得付给他钱了。 （宾语的动作发生在谓语动作之前。）
I'll remember to pay him the money.我要想着付给他钱。 （宾语的动作迟于谓语动作而发生。）
10.the moment意为“一……就……”，用来引导时间状语从句， 相当于as soon as。它引导的从句置于主句之前或之后都可以。类似的还有：the minute,the instant,immediately等。
I'll tell him about it the moment he comes.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
He recognized me the moment (minute) he saw me.他一看见我就认出我来了。
从属连词no sooner…than,hardly…when也表示“一……就……”，用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时。如：
She had hardly lain down when she heard a knock at thedoor.她刚躺下，就听到有敲门声。
No sooner had they reached the station than it began torain.他们刚到车站天就下起了雨。
另外，on+v-ing(n),也有“一……就……”的意思。如：
On hearing the good news,they all jumped with joy.一听到这个好消息，人们就高兴地跳了起来。
On his arrival in Paris,he called at the Smith's.一到巴黎他就拜访了史密斯家。
11.call in与send for
这两个词都有“请（来）”的意思，但确切含义及用法是不同的。
call in作“找来”、“请来”解时， 完成这一动作的是主语自己。如：
Your father is very ill,you should call in a doctor atonce.你父亲病得不轻，你得马上去请个医生来。
sned for意思是“派人去请”，由主语发出“请”的指示，别人去执行。如：
Have you sent for the doctor?你派人去请医生了吗？
12.make up one's mind意思是“决心（做）”=be determined 或“决定（做）”=decide。其后可跟不定式， 带疑问词的不定式或what引起的从句。
He has made up his mind to catch up with others.他决心努力赶上其他的人。
Have you made up your mind what to do(what you will do)?你们定下来做什么了吗？
注意：mind的单复数形式应和主语保持一致。
make up one's mind还可和that从句连用，意思是“认定”。如：
They have made up their minds that the boy is honest.他们认定这孩子是诚实的。
13.give out“颁发”、“分发”= give to each of severalpeople
The teacher is giving out the examination papers.老师正在分发考卷。
Food and medicine have been given out to the people inthe flooded areas.已向灾区人民分发了食品和药物。
give out还有“用完”、“耗尽”=run out,become used up 和“发出”、“放出”（气味、热等）=send out等意思。如：
Our supply of sugar has given out.我们的糖用完了。
He worked until his strength gave out.他一直干到再也支持不住才停下来。
The radio is giving out a strange signal.这台收音机发出一个奇怪的信号。
The fresh flowers give out a pleasant smell.鲜花散发出迷人的芳香。
由give 构成的短语常见的还有：give away 分发、 赠送； giveback归还；give in 让步、屈服；give off发出、放出（蒸气、光等）；give up停止、放弃。
14.have an effect on对……产生影响；对……有效。
This kind of medicine has an effect on him.这药对他有效。
effect前常加上deep,much,no,little,some等修饰词表示程度。如：
Scolding has little effect on children.责骂对孩子起不了多大作用。
What is learned in books cannot have the same deep effecton a child's character as what is learned through experience.书本上学来的东西对孩子品质的影响，不可能和亲自体验中学来的东西影响一样深刻。
A word from the teacher will have a great effect on thestudents.老师的一句话能对学生起很大作用。
Loud noises have a bad effect on hearing.噪音对听力有很坏的影响。