All About Food
White paper offers an insight into China’s food security By Yuan Yuan
A farmer in Tankou Village in Nanchang, capital city of east China’s Jiangxi Province, harvests rice on September 27
With the release of its second white paper on food security on October 14, China showed, with pride, the great progress it has made in the fi eld since 1996, the year its first such report was issued.
江南地区经过长期的发展形成了一批具有极大号召力的景观，它们成为区域内乃至全国的重要旅游吸引物，以致康、乾二帝在南巡过程中反复前往游览，并通过赋诗、题联赐匾等方式不断吟咏。对江南景观的吸引力进行研究，可以进一步了解康、乾二帝选择游览景观的审美标准，从而揭示江南地区景观的特色与魅力。
“Over 20 years ago, there were doubts in the international community about how China could feed its people. Now we have proven to them that we can realize food security by ourselves,” said Zhang Wufeng, head of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, at a press conference on October 14.
Despite a weak agricultural foundation and extreme poverty, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has led an unremitting campaign over the past 70 years that has made China basically self-suffi cient in food supply, said the white paper titled Food Security in China.
China successfully feeds nearly 20 percent of the world’s total population with just 9 percent of the world’s farmland and 6 percent of the world’s total freshwater resources, Zhang said, adding that the country has made fundamental changes over the past seven decades, but food security has remained a matter of utmost importance.
“By feeding its nearly 1.4 billion people properly, China has greatly improved people’s nutrition and life quality, and its food security is a success of worldwide signifi cance,” the white paper said.
The progress
In the past decades, China has made remarkable progress in enhancing food security without undermining the food security of any other country in the world, said Li Guoxiang, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Grain reserves and emergency response systems have also been improving as the government maintains suffi cient and quality food reserves in secured storage. Emergency food reserves for 10-15 days are available in large and medium-sized cities and areas prone to price fl uctuations.
China has placed great importance on sustainable development in food production and implemented a complete and special protection system for permanent basic farmland, said Jiang Changyun, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research. For example, it has established functional areas for grain production and protected areas for important agricultural products.
（2）资金筹措。工程总投资2504.78万元，其中中央预算内投资2003.82万元，占总投资的80%，地方配套500.96万元，占总投资的20%。
Currently, China’s per-capita food output is about 470 kg, an increase of 14 percent from 414 kg in 1996, and 126 percent from 209 kg in 1949, according to the white paper. Since 2015, the total grain output in China has exceeded 650 million tons for four consecutive years.
Figures from the white paper showed that the country has 134.88 million hectares of cultivated land, an increase of more than 4.8 million hectares since 1996.
In 2018, the Chinese Government started a seven-year automated agriculture pilot project, under which rice transplanters, pesticide applicators, fertilization equipment and driverless tractors navigated via global positioning satellites are used in Xinghua City, east China’s Jiangsu Province.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, the Party has implemented a national food security strategy. Through supply-side structural reform and institutional innovation, China has raised grain productivity, modernized grain circulation, improved food supply structure and achieved steady development of the grain industry.
To protect cultivated land, the country has implemented an overall plan, strictly controlling the use of cultivated land and balancing the use and replenishment of arable land, the white paper said.
加强对现有耕地保护，提升生态服务价值。从研究结果看，耕地面积的减少是造成苏州市整个生态服务价值大幅下降的最主要原因。1996-2016年耕地减少导致生态服务价值减少值占整个生态服务价值减少值的75%以上，所以，耕地保护对于生态服务价值提升有重要意义。耕地的大量减少主要是因为建设用地占用，要提高建设用地利用效率，一般建设项目应不占耕地或少占耕地。
“China has rolled out a series of policies to motivate farmers. It has eliminated agricultural taxes and reduced the burden on farmers by over 130 billion yuan ($18.3 billion) per year,” said Su Wei, Deputy Secretary General of the National Development and Reform Commission.
目前国内外已有许多关于高比例可再生能源并网优化的研究。文献[4]提出了在高可再生能源渗透率下的微电网经济调度模型,将模型细分为日前计划和实时调度两层,兼顾了可再生能源利用率及其功率波动特性;文献[5]在分布式能源与负荷双重不确定性叠加的背景下,提出了一种新的灵活性平衡机制,实现了源-网-荷-储复杂场景下的综合灵活性优化;文献[6]建立了以网损最小与分布式能源出力效率最高为目标的多目标优化模型,提出了一种基于小生境进化的多目标免疫算法,并分析了不同权重系数对优化结果的影响。
Lai Yinghui, Director of the Grain and Material Reserve Bureau in southeast China’s Fujian Province, where the acreage of arable land is just one third of the average level among provincial-level regions in China, said throughout the province, there are now 166 emergency grain processing enterprises and 1,466 emergency supply outlets. In addition, the provincial government has improved its emergency supply plan and strengthened emergency drills to ensure the availability of supplies at critical moments.
University-educated farmer Yang Chunlei (right) shows other farmers planting skills on August 22 in a cornfi eld in Dezhou City, east China’s Shandong Province
Innovation is the major driving force behind the enhancement of China’s food security, Jiang said, as new agricultural technology has been adopted to increase farmland productivity.
退役复学高职生在部队的主要生活是接受思想政治教育并开展军事训练。他们身为军人，以服从命令为天职，以完成部队的军事任务为己任。部队生活的锤炼，使他们具有更强的责任心和更高的思想政治素养。让他们参与思想教育工作，就是让他们把在部队养成的乐于奉献、勇于承担、吃苦耐劳、积极进取、永不言败的优良传统带进高职院校，有助于学校提高思想教育工作的质量。
The paper also noted that in the medium to long term, China’s grain production and demand will remain tightly balanced, which means it must not slacken its efforts to ensure food security. By 2022, the country will complete the construction of 66.67 million hectares of high-standard farmland, and by 2035, its grain planting area will be generally stable.
“In the past 20 years, China’s grain production capacity has increased from over 500 million tons to over 650 million tons, which shows a steady increase in grain security,” Li said.
江小白借力青春微电影、MV，植入热门影视剧，借小白哥之口讲述年轻人追梦路上的甜蜜与辛酸，梦想与拼搏。酒是情绪最好的宣泄，产品的适时嵌入更能激发强烈的情感共鸣。
International cooperation
China has expanded international cooperation in food and agriculture and actively participated in global food security governance, making an important contribution to the healthy development of the world food industry and food security.
“In recent years, with rice and wheat output meeting domestic needs, China is fully self-sufficient in food supply, and the main driver of food imports and exports is to satisfy the need for variety,” the white paper said, “The Chinese people have more choices in what they eat and a healthier diet.”
Zhang Lubiao, Director of the Agricultural Trade Promotion Center under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said the Chinese food market is more open than ever, with foreign-funded enterprises becoming a key force in the food industry.
与市电直接供电的方式相比，采取UPS交流后备供电的优点有：可提供稳定纯净的交流输入，备电时间有保障，可以实现较远距离的供电。
These enterprises are penetrating deeper in the market, with growing market shares in edible vegetable oil and food processing, and their activities span grain procurement, wholesale and retail, and staple food supply.
Restrictions on foreign investment in agriculture have been further eased, allowing foreign-invested seed companies to operate in all grain types except for wheat, corn, rare species, species unique to China or genetically modifi ed crops.
While ensuring domestic food security, China has joined the global fight against hunger. The world is still facing severe food security challenges, with over 800 million people suffering from hunger, and international food trade faces more uncertainty due to disruptions from protectionism and unilateralism, according to the white paper.
Under these circumstances, China will continue to assist other developing countries to the best of its ability, further enhance grain trade cooperation with other countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative to establish a new international platform and facilitate free and orderly fl ow of agricultural resources and the deep integration of markets in Belt and Road participating countries.
“China has been intensifying international cooperation in food and agriculture with other countries, and will continue to work with the international community to contribute to improved global food security,” Zhang Lubiao said.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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