How Can China Encourage More Childbirths?
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N ational Bureau of Statistics data show that in 2018, new births in China stood at 15.23 million, a 10.9-per-thousand birth rate that was the lowest since 1961.
We must have a clear understanding of the complexity and severity of this problem. It’s now essential to follow the change and its impact on economic and social development. Policies are needed to encourage childbirths and slow down the ageing of the Chinese society, creating a good demographic condition for China’s overall development.
Yuan Xin (www.chinanews.com): Although a decline in new births is clear, we have to make a sensible and objective judgment after analyzing more and detailed data.
Why have the Chinese, once so eager to have more than one child, grown so reluctant to have a second? What measures are going to encourage young couples to have more children? Here is what people think.
详细了解β-内酰胺类抗菌药物所导致不良反应状况,能够有效降低抗菌药物不良反应发生率[1]。本次就2017年5月至2018年5月我院收集的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物不良反应临床资料200例作为对象,分析β-内酰胺类抗菌药物不良反应发生状况,现分析如下:
Will the fertility rate dip further? It can’t be predicted but the fact that the number of children entering the kindergarten saw a decline in 2018 compared with the previous year implies young couples are not keen to have a second child.
The cost of raising a child has become higher today, due to the costs of education,healthcare and other things. The money spent on babysitters, baby formula and daily requirements, together with kindergarten and higher education tuitions, comes to a huge sum. It’s almost impossible to raise a child without spending 800,000 yuan-1 million yuan($119,128-$148,910) at the current price level.Families think that they shouldn’t have a second child, but instead, provide the best for the one they have.
Young couples’ attitude toward childbirth is changing. A lot of them value their career and interests and what they regard as the quality of family life. They feel more than one child will not only bring more economic pressure but also lower the quality of life. They don’t want to struggle with mental and material pressures. Also, as the social security system improves, fewer and fewer people see children as the only backstop for elderly parents.
这种家伙，独自追上去是危险的。然而眼看尸体被带走，他又着实不甘心。他跳下院墙，撒腿狂追，一边追一边扯着嗓子大喊：“来人哪，有山精，快来人哪！”
Mo Kaiwei (www.sohu.com): When the two-child policy started in 2015, there were hopes about a surge in new births. But the reality is different. What are the reasons for the declining fertility rate? I think there are three factors.
Some couples worry that when their child grows up, it could be harder to find a good job and buy an apartment. There’s a joke that the high housing prices in big cities are the most effective contraceptives, as the vast majority of families can’t afford to buy one even with their lifetime’s savings. The policies to encourage a second child are not fully in place yet. So families have to bear the heavy burden of raising two children themselves.
There need to be more state-owned nurseries or kindergartens and it’s still tough to get admission to good primary schools. The compuls ory education does not cover senior high school. To make matters worse, college education is becoming increasingly expensive. All these factors deter couples from having more children.
通过彩超仪对甲状腺患者进行检查，通过频率为6～15MHZ的频率完成对于弹性成像的检查。对患者进行常规检查时，首先对患者的结节的大小进行测量对结节的具体边缘及形态、钙化情况、回声情况进行观察。之后对患者的癌症进行成像检查，对患者的病灶部位及其周边进行检查，对甲状腺癌的病灶进行检查时，避开颈部的血管部位，通过探头实施纵切病灶部位的检查，同时对部位进行施压，根据显示屏幕上相关信息的反馈进行指标的合理调节，对患者的灰阶超声成像及弹性图形状况进行观察分析，对硬度状况进行观察分析。
Although the labor force is shrinking, we still have a big workforce, and their overall quality is improving. Statistics show that in 2015, 170 million people had received junior college education or above. In the coming years, China will depend more on human capital than human resources. The demographic dividends will benefit the society more in the form of high-quality talents instead of a huge workforce. This will lay a solid foundation for high-quality economic and social development.
李荣融担任国资委主任时期，就遇到过乘坐某央企航班晚点，通过秘书希望得到晚点的解释时吃闭门羹的情况。而不兼任党委书记的国资委主任，虽然是行政一把手，但党务还要倚重党委书记及其主持的党委委员会。这也是为什么在蒋洁敏被调查及被免职后，国资委仍能平稳运行、不受太大冲击的原因之一。
在舍弗勒苏州公司二十周年庆之际，也迎来了产线的升级迭代——无级变速链条（CVT）项目正式落成。这是舍弗勒集团在大中华区和亚洲的第一条无线变速器链条生产线。首条无级变速链条产线大大提升舍弗勒苏州公司的业务能力和产能。项目计划分为两期完成，年产量达67.5万条，预计年销售额约3亿元人民币。
Pan Hongqi (www.huanqiu.com): Two factors are responsible for the birthrate dropping last year. The number of women of childbearing age is declining; and most families that wanted to have a second child did so in 2016 and 2017. As a result, the number of new births in 2018 was lower.
After the two-child policy was put into place in 2015, there were 17.86 million registered new births in 2016. But in 2017 it fell to 17.23 million, followed by the 2.63-million drop in 2018.
本实验以新鲜绵羊后腿为材料，添加生姜蛋白酶和猕猴桃蛋白酶等植物蛋白酶，通过检测TN含量、NPN含量和PI等蛋白质降解指标，结合SDS-PAGE电泳分析其对肌肉蛋白质降解的影响，为日后干腌羊火腿的工业化生产以及工艺改进提供理论支撑。
Yang Zishi (www.sohu.com): In countries where the fertility rate is low, various incentive policies are adopted, like in the Republic of Korea, Japan and Singapore. These countries have a lot in common with China in terms of culture and probably we can learn from them to boost our childbirths.
在计算机网络运行中需要时刻防患于未然，对计算机网络安全方面加强管理和防范，并结合各种计算机安全需要，制定出一套行之有效的应急预案，有效的维护网络安全。例如，可以针对个人进行安全管理的责任制，将计算机安全管理的责任落实到每一个管理者，让管理者们都能够积极主动进行管理。同时安全应急预案需要符合计算机的实际情况，在遇到各种问题时能够及时采取有效措施，对各种隐患和问题进行处理，降低安全损害。
Some places have already started to adopt incentive policies to alleviate some of the pressures of having a second child, such as tax credits and education and housing subsidies. However, besides material incentives, it is important to improve social services. In the 1960s and ’70s, government departments,various organizations and big enterprises all had nurseries and kindergartens. Employees took their children to the nurseries or kindergartens in their offices when they went to work. This way, they could drop in during breaks to see how the children were faring,while mothers were able to breastfeed their babies. Bringing up a child was far smoother.
But today, in many places, particularly in big cities, parents have to queue up to get their children enrolled with a good nursery or kindergarten, which is usually far away from work.Sending them to school in the morning and bringing them back means a lot of inconvenience for parents, who need to spend a huge amount of time on this. How can you expect young couples to have another child when they are already struggling with one?
To encourage childbirths or to better ensure citizens’ education quality, it’s necessary for the government to input more education resources, increase the number of state-run kindergartens and while fully using social capital. Government departments,public institutions and enterprises can also run nurseries and kindergartens. What the government should do is to strictly and effectively monitor the operation.
It’s important to perfect supportive policies in the future. This problem should be treated with the big picture in mind. While some people don’t want to have more children, encouraging those willing to have more will help increase childbirths.
For decades, the adverse effects of overpopulation were emphasized. The concept “a big population is a big burden” has long been implanted in people’s mind. It’s important to make them realize the serious demographic reality of China.
Families that don’t want to have children must realize that childbirth relates to society’s future development. They think even if they have no children they can still have a good life thanks to their pension and the well-developed social security system.However, they forget that if society doesn’t have enough young labor force in the future,there won’t be enough products and services available for them.
Wang Pei’an (news.ifeng.com): On one hand, China’s population is approaching 1.4 billion, which is a big burden to underdeveloped areas, limited national resources and the environment. If the population shrinks a bit,individuals can enjoy more per-capita resources.On the other hand, the young population is in decline while the elderly population is rising.China’s process of becoming prosperous is accompanied by rapid ageing of the population.Therefore, neither too many nor too few people are good for an economy.
The overall quality and working skills of the labor force have to be improved. Although the work-age population is witnessing a drop, the workforce is still large with 990 million people aged between 15 and 40. The number will stand at 820 million by 2050. In the developed Western world, the work-age population is about 730 million, showing a lower labor force participation rate. Technological progress and the use of artificial intelligence mean that robots will play an increasingly bigger role in future work. So even in 30 or 50 years’ time, China will still have a plentiful workforce. Actually, China faces the paradox of an excessive population but shortage of skilled workforce.
通过圆的引入，帮助学生创设了探究情境，学生在教师的引导之下，进行独立思考和合作探究，从而对椭圆的相关基础概念有了一定的认识.激发学生兴趣的同时提升了学生自主探究的信心.
With the low birth rate, China can no longer depend on low-cost labor, but needs a high-quality labor force equipped with advanced skills and techniques to sustain its economic development. When it is no longer so populous, it can depend on higher-quality human resources.
Many people are reluctant to have a second child because they can’t afford the cost of raising two children. Often there is no one to take care of the babies when the parents have to leave home to earn money. This is not a minor issue.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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