Breaking Imperial Designs
East Asian countries must resolve historical issues for common growth By Shi Yongming
The author is an op-ed contributor to Beijing Review and a senior researcher on international studies
Recently, historical disputes between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan have spilled over into the technology and trade areas. Japan tightened restrictions on the export of three materials used in hi-tech equipment to the ROK, which inf licted great damage on the country's enterprises.
以氯化钠（NaCl，分析纯）、聚氯乙烯（PVC，内蒙古乌海化工）、城市固体废弃物模拟组分和中国南方地区的厨余沼渣为研究对象。城市固体废弃物模拟组分主要分为两组，一组是将木质素和PVC原样分别按Cl含量为2%、3%、4%和5%的比例配制不溶性Cl的模拟组分；另一组是将木质素、PVC和NaCl原样按含1%的可溶性Cl和2%的不溶性Cl配制成Cl含量理论值为3%的城市固体废弃物的模拟组分；两组城市固体废弃物模拟组分利用球磨机球磨15 min使其均匀混合。实验前，将选取的厨余沼渣、NaCl和木质素在105℃的烘箱中干燥24 h至恒重，PVC在50℃下干燥24 h至恒重。
传统的比例积分(PI)算法不能对电流进行无静差跟踪,一般选择PR算法,但PR算法也存在过零点谐波问题,通过分析PR算法提出了准比例谐振算法[4]。
Japan's move echoed U.S. curbs against China's telecommunications enterprise Huawei. It not only posed a severe threat to the cooperation with the ROK but also brought challenges to regional collaboration. More to the point, it put added pressure on the world's free trade system.
But why did this situation suddenly emerge? In reality, the development of the East Asian region has never shaken off the historical burdens of World War II (WWII).The recent tension between Japan and the ROK reminded regional countries that their future growth hinges on the settlement of historical disputes.
有机反应中催化剂是比较关键成分之一，催化剂能使缩合反应中间体质子化后羰基碳原子上的净电荷将增大，前线分子轨道的能级差比未质子化的能级差小得多，即质子化后前线分子轨道间更易相互作用。不使用引发剂提高转化产率而通过单纯提高温度会使其自身会通过重排成相应的稳定的副产物，因而相当于在产物中重新引入杂质。
Historical grievances
Although issues such as forced labor and the use of “comfort women”—girls or women forced into sex slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army—happened during the war, their compensation should be separated from war reparations. Firstly,these practices violated the basic and common rules and laws of modern countries.Secondly, these violations of human rights were avoidable. Moreover, based on prevailing international practice in modern society and relevant laws, a country cannot deprive its citizens of their right to defend their interests in the international arena.
这会儿孟导心情已经从刚才的大起大落里找回了平衡，再加上到了自己擅长的饭局环节，谈吐间又变回了在电视台里叱咤风云的导演。老贾也是做生意全凭一张嘴，牙似弓，舌似箭，吐字如飞，和孟导讲在一处，也毫不含糊。反倒是叶总惜字如金，只在一旁牵线搭桥，默默平衡话题的走向。
Japan, which claims it's a modern,democratic and free country, should understand this logic very well. However, it has always insisted on solving issues of people's compensation claims through governmental negotiations while ignoring citizens' personal rights. Guided by this logic, Japan and the ROK signed an “ultimate and irreversible” agreement in December 2015, which was widely opposed by ROK residents because they saw it as breaching citizens' rights. Japan intended to solve the dispute through this agreement, but instead only intensif ied tensions.
These complex issues have long disturbed ties between Japan and the ROK. Although the U.S. and Japan have promoted value diplomacy to contain China, Japan and the ROK have always been at odds on historical matters.
Japan asserted that claims for compensation, including the forced labor issue,were “already settled” in the Agreement Between Japan and the Republic of Korea Concerning the Settlement of Problems in Regard to Property and Claims and Economic Cooperation signed in 1965,when the two sides restored diplomatic ties. In contrast, the ROK held that this treaty did not terminate citizens' right to claim compensation.
The Japanese Government's whitewashing of history is the deeper reason behind the aggravated tension between Japan and the ROK. The Shinzo Abe administration of Japan, which has always claimed to hold the banner of democracy, freedom and human rights, tried to whitewash Japan's crimes against humanity committed during WWII. On the one hand, Japan rejected the demand for compensation for forced labor by citing the agreement reached with the ROK; on the other hand, Japan adopted historical revisionism, which denies and distorts historical truths, adding insult to injury for those who suffered under its occupation during the war.
The U.S. relied on Japan, establishing several military bases there to maintain its military presence in Asia. Since the Cold War, it has consolidated its alliance with Japan to turn it into a bridgehead to control Asia. To this end, the U.S. adopted a supportive policy toward Japan's rightwing conservative forces and held a tolerant attitude toward Japan's historical revisionism. It also advanced Japan's militarization and promoted U.S.-Japan military cooperation. The U.S. actually indulged Japan's unreasonable attitude toward history, encouraging it to deal unscrupulously with its past.
刘莉想起前不久车站搞的一次集中灭鼠活动，肯定是死老鼠什么的死在角落里了。这时正是早上，又正值出行淡季，没什么人来寄存行李，她有些无聊地翻出寄存流水台帐清理到期又无人认领的行李。这是一项例行工作，火车站寄存处总是有一些逾期无人认领的行李，为了避免挤占行李间，他们会定期把逾期无人认领的行李清理一次送到仓库，如果在仓库过了三个月还无人认领，他们就可以随便处理了。
Japan's historical revisionism also harmed its ties with China and other East Asian countries. It has had a negative effect on the solidarity and common development of East Asia. Therefore, whether Japan can shake off the shadow of imperialism is an important factor for regional growth.
The role of the U.S.
Occupation, slavery and expansion have been the methods used by empires to gain inf luence since the Roman Empire.For example, the UK exploited Indians to expand its inf luence in other Asian regions after it occupied India. After WWII, the U.S.appeared to play the role of protector for some Asian countries, yet it gradually dominated the military and diplomatic affairs of its allies through this so-called protection.
As a matter of fact, the dispute between the ROK and Japan is a result of the U.S. policy in the region, which intends to dominate Asia by controlling Asian countries after the Cold War.
An ROK Supreme Court ruling last November ordered a Japanese company to compensate Koreans who were forced into labor during WWII, which was rejected by the Japanese Government. The ROK high court responded by ordering the seizure of the assets of Japanese enterprises in the ROK.
Those who were forced into sex slavery by the Japanese militarists attend a rally in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul,the Republic of Korea, on March 1, 2017
As the common ally of Japan and the ROK,the U.S. has been promoting a military alliance among the three countries. The tension between the ROK and Japan has clearly impeded the U.S. plan. But why didn't the U.S. effectively mediate between its two allies?
After the Cold War, reconciliation was widely reached among East Asian countries, with peace and development becoming the dominant trend. However,the U.S. moved against this trend. It strengthened strategic deployment in the Asian and Pacif ic military front and adopted a differentiation policy. Dominating Asia through Asian countries became its fundamental Asian and Pacific policy, under which the U.S. now peddles its Indo-Pacif ic strategy.
These deeds angered victims and stimulated them to seek compensation through legal measures. The thrust of compensation claims was to make Japan admit to and apologize for its historical crimes.However, the Japanese Government refused to comply. Finally, the ROK court reacted by ruling in a way that was unacceptable to the Japanese side.
1.提供均等创业政策，公平竞争。国家在大学生创业政策制定方面要实现均等化，提供给大学生平等的创业机会，传递给大学生一种公平竞争的理念，杜绝出现不平衡的资源供给现象，要达到资源共享，一起发展的创业目标。对城乡资源供给均等化，对乡村创业政策更要适当的放宽，提供大学生公平竞争的机会。鼓励大学生以竞争方式获取资源的同时要提倡资源共享，共同进步。
In fact, amid the recent Japan-ROK tension, the U.S. poured oil on the f lames.The U.S.-led United Nations Command,established in 1950, allegedly pushed to include Japan—the previous suzerain of the Korean Peninsula—in its ranks, which would pave the way for Japan's military involvement in any armed conflict on the peninsula. This move was a subversion of the international order after WWII and a rejection of the anti-fascist nature of the war.
It is clear that U.S. policy, which focuses on maintaining its hegemony in the region,is the root cause of the current turmoil in Asia, and it may continue.
Base for lasting peace
East Asia could be the center of the world economy in the future with its great growth potential, based on its enormous population, giant productivity and huge consumption market. After the Cold War,East Asia's sustainable and fast growth relied much on regional peace and stability.
In the past, East Asian countries have tried to achieve regional economic growth through political communication and promote political trust through economic development within the region. Based on the benign interaction between political and economic advancement, they believed there would be lasting peace, stability and prosperity in the region.
However, backed by the U.S. in recent years, an old imperial logic is haunting East Asia. According to this rationale, common development under a free trade system is interpreted as cutthroat competition; the industrial chains, which evolved after years of free trade, are being used as a weapon to curb other countries' growth; and economic interdependence is exploited to bully competitors. Japan is not only imitating U.S. trade practices, but also showing an inward imperial logic, which poses a threat to Japan-ROK ties and the peace and prosperity of East Asia.
If the f irst stage of globalization was the expansion of Western empires and the second was the popularization of the market economy, then the third phase should be the realization of common security. Without common security, globalization cannot move forward. Therefore, countries must break through the constraints of historical bottlenecks and Western imperial narrative rules, and strive to build a community with a shared future for humanity.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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