哈尔滨市第五医院 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
摘要:目的:了解TP-ELISA试剂联合PCR法在实际工作中检测梅毒的特异性。方法:选取我院于2017年1月-2018年1月期间收治的梅毒患者38例,随机分为对照组和观察组各19例,对照组采用TP-ELISA试剂进行常规医学检验,观察组用TP-ELISA试剂联合PCR检测患者血液样本。初检阳性时需双孔复查,仍为阳性,方定为ELISA阳性标本。然后用PCR法行梅毒抗体确认试验并结合临床梅毒病史追询情况判断为确定阳性,对ELISA阳性和确定阳性的结果进行比较。结果:对照组检出率为ELISA阳性10例,检出率52.63%;观察组检出率为ELISA阳性17例,检出率89.47%。观察组确定阳性率高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:TP-ELISA试剂用于无偿献血者时特异性好,而用于临床患者检验时,由于一些其他感染、内科疾患(主要是自身免疫性疾病)、年龄、甚至某些药物等原因,假阳性偏高。建议不断改进试剂的同时联合PCR技术进行医学检验,严格规范试验操作。同时临床在解释TP-ELISA阳性结果时,需要综合考虑临床病史、体征等情况,可疑时应注意复查和进行必要的追踪。
关键词:TP-ELISA;PCR;医学检验
Explore the advantages of TP-ELISA combined with PCR in medical testing
Abstract: Objective: To understand the specificity of syphilis in TP-ELISA reagent combined with PCR. Methods: A total of 38 patients with syphilis admitted to our hospital from January to February 2018 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. The control group was treated with TP-ELISA for routine medical tests. TP-ELISA reagent combined with PCR was used to detect blood samples from patients. When the initial test is positive, double-hole review is needed, and it is still positive, and it is determined to be an ELISA-positive specimen. Then, the serotonin antibody confirmation test was performed by PCR and determined to be positive by combining the clinical syphilis history, and the results of ELISA positive and positive determination were compared. Results: The detection rate of the control group was 10 cases with positive ELISA, and the detection rate was 52.63%. The detection rate of the observation group was 17 cases with positive ELISA, and the detection rate was 89.47%. The positive rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: TP-ELISA reagent is specific for unpaid blood donors, but for clinical patients, due to some other infections, medical diseases (mainly autoimmune diseases), age, and even certain drugs, etc. Positive high. It is recommended to continuously improve the reagents and combine the PCR technology for medical testing, and strictly regulate the test operation. At the same time, when clinically explaining the positive result of TP-ELISA, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the clinical history and physical signs. When suspicious, it should pay attention to review and carry out necessary tracking.
Key words: TP-ELISA; PCR; medical test
梅毒螺旋体苍白亚种(T reponema pallidum,Tp)是梅毒的病原体,能导致患者多阶段、多器官损害。近十多年来,梅毒的发病率在我国呈逐年上升趋势,已成为严重的公共卫生问题[1]。控制梅毒蔓延的有效途径为早发现、早治疗,因此快速、准确、敏感的检测方法显得尤为重要。本文采用TP-ELISA联合PCR法对早期梅毒的生殖器溃疡分泌物进行扩增,同时结合暗视野显微镜法和ELISA,以探讨TP-ELISA联合PCR法在早期梅毒诊断中的优势和价值。
1.资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取我院于2017年1月-2018年1月期间收治的一期梅毒患者,共计38例,其中男性30例,女性8例。采集生殖器分泌物38份,同时采取血样38份。
1.2方法
选取我院于2017年1月-2018年1月期间收治的梅毒患者38例,随机分为对照组和观察组各19例,对照组采用TP-ELISA试剂进行常规医学检验,观察组用TP-ELISA试剂联合PCR检测患者血液样本。初检阳性时需双孔复查,仍为阳性,方定为ELISA阳性标本。然后用PCR法行梅毒抗体确认试验并结合临床梅毒病史追询情况判断为确定阳性,对ELISA阳性和确定阳性的结果进行比较。
2.结果
对照组检出率为ELISA阳性10例,检出率52.63%;观察组检出率为ELISA阳性17例,检出率89.47%。观察组确定阳性率高于对照组(P<0.01)。
3.讨论
早期梅毒主要的临床表现为硬性下疳,大约发生在性接触后的2~4周,大部分好发于生殖器部。早期梅毒的实验室诊断主要依赖暗视野镜检,但该方法需要操作者技术娴熟、经验丰富,此外该法易受病程和某些外加因素的影响[2]。目前,梅毒的确诊需要临床症状、病史以及实验室结果相结合,而实验室检测一般需暗视野镜检和血清学试验[3]。血清学检测其中Tp-ELISA法是公认为梅毒血清学诊断试验的首选方法,但在一期梅毒的初期,由于血清中梅毒特异性抗体尚未形成或产生的量不足,而导致阴性结果。为此,本文采用TP-ELISA联合PCR法扩增TppolA特异性片段以提高早期梅毒诊断的敏感性和特异性。针对TppolA建立的TP-ELISA联合PCR法具有较好的特异性及敏感性。PCR法检出率均高于暗视野镜检和TpELISA,临床上在诊断早期梅毒疑似病例时,可结合PCR法以提高诊断的准确性。
参考文献:
[1]龚向东,姜文华,王金佩,等.我国1979-1998年梅毒流行病学分析[J].中国公共卫生,2000,16(11):1020-1022.
[2]龚匡隆,尤永燕,邵长庚.早期梅毒暗视野检查梅毒螺旋体和梅毒血清试验的结果分析[J].中华皮肤科杂志,1999,32(3):177-178.
[3]叶顺章.现代性传播疾病实验诊断技术[M].广东出版社,1991.31.
论文作者:邹向东
论文发表刊物:《中国医学人文》2018年第18期
论文发表时间:2019/3/7
标签:梅毒论文; 阳性论文; 检出论文; 试剂论文; 对照组论文; 患者论文; 特异性论文; 《中国医学人文》2018年第18期论文;