例说同位语考点，理清句子关系，本文主要内容关键词为：考点论文,句子论文,关系论文,同位论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
点评：同位语在英语中经常出现，但是是考生的薄弱环节。本文总结、归纳较全，讲解清楚。
同位语是位于名词之后对其表述的内容进一步说明的成分，由于在语法上的特殊地位，也可以看成是一种特殊的定语。正是由于它的特殊地位和作用，往往造成学生在理解和判断上的失误。同位语是语言交际过程中的习惯表达方式，了解同位语的语法地位、意义范围，对加深内容的理解、加快信息的捕捉至关重要。
一、同位语的位置
1.特殊位置 同位语放主语之前，是为了突出、强调同位语。
Once an important army factory in Beijing,Factory798 was designed by East German architects and built with Russian helped in the early 1950s.（S BookⅡ）
2.通常位置
（1）名词后直接加同位语
We three together watched the 28th Olympic Games.
The headmaster himself showed us around our school.
（2）名词后用逗号连接同位语
We’ll turn our motherland into a country，beautiful and modern.
Abraham Lincoln，the son of a poor family，was born in Kenruckw，USA.
（3）名词后用破折号连接同位语
We’ll have a common desire——to realize the four modernizations.
Song writers are no longer writing about the modem values of the USA——money,success or expensive things to buy.
（4）名词后用引导词连接同位语。表示同位成分之间特殊意义。
●用namely，that is，that is to say，or，in other words，for short等表示等同关系。
●用for example，such as，say，including等表示列举、举例。
●用especially，particularly等来表示突出的特点。
There are three main laws of mechanics or three laws of Newton.
Many great men，for example，Lincoln and Edison，have risen from poverty.
People living in the apartment are often lonely.Particularly after work.
（5）名词后用同位语从句
名词后的同位语从句，通常用来具体描述前面的抽象名词，如：news，fact，promise，idea，word，message，hope，truth，question，problem，reason，answer，proposal，suggestion，order，information等，且连词在从句中不充当句子成分。
One of them held the view that what the book said was right.
Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
二、同位语的考点分析
（1）同位语与冠词结合考查
Abraham Lincoln，president of the United States，was murdered in a theatre.
●表示头衔、职位的名词用作同位语时不加冠词。
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，one I’m always treasure.
He advised farmers to choose the best seedheads，the ones that had best color.
●One，the ones分别作前面名词的同位语，但其限定要看前面同位语受不受限定。
（2）同位语与代词结合考查
I learned a great many new words that day.Now I didn’t remember what they all were.
●不定代词all，both，each等作同位语时，常放在系动词前，实意动词后，第一助动词与实意动词之间。但如系动词后的表语省去或转移，则这些词须放在系动词前。
（3）同位语与主谓一致结合考查
The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary.
●each作同位语，其后谓语不受其限制，仍与主语一致。
（4）同位语与定语从句结合考查
The navy was planning an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of watching a very unusual event，that is the planet Venus passing between the earth and the sun in 1769.
●句中that is引出an unusual event的同位语，起解释、补充说明作用。注意在此不是非限定性定语从句。
（5）同位语从句与定语从句结合考查
The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.
●that引导同位语从句，说明前面名词内容，不充当成分，也不可省略，“句子完整”。
The fact that（which）you pointed out is worth taking notice of.
●that引导定词从句，修饰、限制前面名词，充当宾语，可以省略，“从句不完整”。
激活练习：
1.________，Vincente T.Ximenes spent many years as a government economist.
A.Son of a small Texas farmer
B.A small Texas farmer’s son was
C.His son was a small Texas farmer
D.A small farmer in Texas whose son
2.Dolly________sheep，the world’s first cloned animal，was given________shot to end her life last year，because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.
A./,a
B.the，a
C.a，theD.a，a
3.The headmaster asked________students to be strict with ourselves in everything.
A.usB.hisC.theD.our
4.Everybody in our country，men and women，old and young，________sports and games.
A.enjoy B.were enjoying
C.enjoysD.are enjoying
5.Half of them，________is 200，can speak fluent English.
A.that B.which C.who D.it
6.I’d like to buy a present for my mother’s birthday，________at a proper price but of great use.
A.that B.one
C.anyoneD.everything
7.He finally spoke out his own idea，________made everyone present feel quite disappointed.
A.whatB.that
C.the one thatD.the one
8.________given a dictionary to study English.
A.Each of the students have been
B.The student each has been
C.The students each have been
D.The students have each been
9.Kate，________is waiting for you at the school gate.
A.some persons
B.some people
C.some a person D.some person
10.He explained to us________he wanted to do.
A.all what B.that
C.what，thatD.all which
11.Jennie told me in her last letter that her wish________an artist________come true.
A.became，did
B.becoming，would
C.becomes，has D.to become，had
参考答案：1，A 2，B 3，A 4，C 5，A 6，B 7，C 8，D 9，D 10，A 11，D