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关键词:彩色多普勒超声诊断;肝硬化结节;微小肝癌;临床效果
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of color Doppler ultrasound in the differentiation of liver cirrhosis nodule and micro liver cancer. Methods 96 patients with liver diseases treated in our hospital from March 2016 to June 2017 were randomly selected. The patients'condition was differentiated by color Doppler ultrasonography. 15 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma nodules and 30 patients with cirrhosis nodules were screened out and compared. The patients were examined by AFP, CT and MRI. The results were consistent with the ultrasonic diagnosis. Results Using color Doppler ultrasound technology to differentiate cirrhosis nodules from microcarcinoma patients can distinguish the difference between them. Early detection and diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma plays an important role in determining the clinical treatment plan, improving the therapeutic effect and survival rate of patients. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed diffuse hypoechoic nodules in the liver. The nodule was surrounded by a grid of hyperechoic nodules formed by fibrous tissue proliferation. The echoes were fine and regular. There were no or few blood flow signals in the periphery and interior of the nodules, and a few venous spectra could be detected. The diameter of small hepatocellular carcinoma was less than 2 cm, most of them were single, the number of nodules was less, and the lesions were round or quasi-round. Most of the lesions were homogeneous hypoechoic, accompanied by halo around the lesions and enhanced posterior echo. Arterial blood flow could be drawn from the periphery and interior of most cancerous nodules. Conclusion The differential diagnosis between cirrhosis nodules and microcarcinoma patients by color Doppler ultrasound can detect and diagnose microcarcinoma as early as possible. Moreover, color Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive examination with strong repeatability and simple operation, which will not cause secondary pain to patients.
Key words: color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis; cirrhosis nodules; microcarcinoma of the liver; clinical effect
肝硬化结节性是指由纤维组织包绕的再生结节引起的肝脏结构的广泛破坏。肝硬化(hepatic cirrhosis)是临床常见的慢性进行性弥漫性肝病,由一种或多种病因长期或反复作用引起。在我国大多数为肝炎后肝硬化,少部分为酒精性肝硬化和血吸虫性肝硬化。病理组织学上有广泛的肝细胞坏死、肝细胞结节性再生、结缔组织增生与纤维化形成,导致肝小叶结构破坏和假小叶形成,肝脏逐渐变形、变硬而发展为肝硬化[1]。早期由于肝脏代偿功能较强可无明显症状,后期则以肝功能损害和门脉高压为主要表现,并有多系统受累,晚期常出现上消化道出血、肝性脑病、继发感染、脾功能亢进、腹水、癌变等并发症。肝癌是指发生于肝脏的恶性肿瘤,包括原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌两种,人们日常说的肝癌指的多是原发性肝癌。原发性肝癌是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一原发性肝癌按细胞分型可分为肝细胞型肝癌、胆管细胞型肝癌及混合型肝癌。初期症状并不明显,晚期主要表现为肝区疼痛、乏力、消瘦、黄疸、腹水等症状。
1资料与方法
1.1 一般资料选取2016年3月~2017年6月在我院接受肝病治疗的患者96例,病史在五年以上,其中男性患者52例,女性患者44例,年龄45~79岁,平均年龄65.4岁。在其中筛选出15例微小肝癌结节患者和30例肝硬化结节患者进行比较。
1.2 方法本组患者均采用GE-LOGIQ E9彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,患者于检查前保持4h以上空腹,若患者住院期间出现肠腔胀气,则需做胃肠道准备,服用消胀药物,清洁灌肠等以提高检查结果的准确性。采用彩色多普勒超声检测后,对患者肝脏内部结节的数量、大小、内部回声均匀度,周边有无声晕,及结节内部及周边有无血流信号及其阻力指数等作出详细记录。
1.3 统计学分析采用SPSS15.0软件进行统计学分析,比较微小肝癌和肝硬化结节,采用配对t检验,P<0.05具有统计学意义。
2结果
15例微小肝癌患者组中最大的结节不超过2cm,最小的结节为0.7cm;其中单发12例,有3例患者为2个结节。7例患者的肝脏形态、肝内管道走行以及病灶周边回声未发生改变,占46.67%。低回声病例12例13个结节,占全部病例的72.22%,等回声3例5个结节,占全部病例的27.78%。后方伴增强效应者8例9个结节,占全部病例的50%;结节周边有声晕者9例10个结节,占全部病例的55.56%。彩色多普勒检测11例13个结节内部及周边可探及斑片状,线状或树枝状分布的血流信号,频谱呈高速动脉频谱,阻力可高可低,占全部病例的72.22%;在30例肝硬化结节患者组中,27例为多发结节,占90%,单发结节者3例。30例患者均有肝形态异常,表面不光滑,肝内管道分布扭曲,管壁回声增强。硬化结节回声为低回声或中等回声,周围有网格状高回声,均未发现后方回声增强和周边低回声声晕,其中可引出血流信号的患者为7例,占23.33%,且均为静脉频谱。
3讨论
肝硬化结节是在肝细胞变性坏死,继而出现肝细胞结节状再生及结缔组织增生,肝小叶变形、结构遭到破坏或消失而形成假小叶。患者肝切面内可以看见弥漫性的低回声结节。小结节的周边被增生的纤维组织包绕。肝硬化结节往往有肝硬化的表现,肝失去正常形态,表面有结节感,肝实质回声增强,不均匀,肝内管道扭曲。肝硬化结节常无周边声晕及后方回声增强征象。硬化结节内部少或无血流信号。临床对肝硬化增生小结节和小肝癌研究及鉴别能力的提高有助于早期肝癌的发现和治疗[2],肝癌号称癌中之王,其在全球癌症死亡率中占第三位,我国居第二位[3],我国每年因原发性死亡的肝癌患者占世界肝癌死亡人数的45%。早期发现和诊断微小肝癌是提高肝癌患者疗效的重要因素,近几年随着彩色多普勒超声血流技术的发展,诊断微小肝癌的正确率已大大提高。根据相关的统计病例,微小肝癌在超声声像上有突出表现特征,①微小肝癌的直径小于2cm,癌结节多为单发,微小肝癌结节内部回声多为均匀低回声,后方可有回声增强效应,随着瘤体增大,逐步发展为等回声,混合回声;②患者病灶多呈现圆形或类圆形,癌结节的周边有声晕,有些等回声结节仅凭借肿块周围的低回声晕环得以辨认;③微小肝癌患者除基础疾病会对肝脏形态以及大小产生影响外,大多不会影响肝脏的形态以及大小。掌握微小肝癌的声像特征,对肝癌的高发人群进行细致全面的彩超检查,再结合患者的病史及其它实验室检查可以提高肝癌患者在微小肝癌时期的诊断正确率,做到早发现早治疗,提高患者的治疗效果和生存率。超声检查具有无创伤、操作简便等特点,而且在检查过程中不会对患者造成二次伤害,目前已成为鉴别微小肝癌的首选手段之一。
参考文献:
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论文作者:李丹丹
论文发表刊物:《世界复合医学》2019年7期
论文发表时间:2019/11/18
标签:肝癌论文; 肝硬化论文; 回声论文; 患者论文; 微小论文; 多普勒论文; 超声论文; 《世界复合医学》2019年7期论文;