2012年中学入学考试英语试题的“红黑名单”_table论文

2012年中考英语试题“红黑榜”,本文主要内容关键词为:年中论文,英语试题论文,红黑榜论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

精心设置完形空格,考查语言思维能力

上海卷第三部分B板块完形填空(节选)

Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)(12分)

80.A.angry B.lonely

C.tired D.surprised

81.A.shut B.hurt

C.enjoyed D.helped

82.A.trouble B.mistakes

C.money D.friends

点评:完形填空的设置不是简单的空格填选,空格的命制以及选项的设定体现了命题的思想,上海卷的完形填空从语言逻辑理解角度测试学生语言能力,考查学生的理解水平。比如:空格80,从单句角度来看,四个选项都成立,只有当学生结合上下文“She even said she would not come back for at least a few years.”和“I was really sad the moment I heard the bad news and I didn't know what to do.”并体会到“not come back”以及“didn't know what to do”之后才会选择lonely作为正确答案。这一过程体现了学生在上下文阅读过程中的整体思考以及逻辑判断。语言的学习不仅仅是句子的理解,更应该有语言逻辑的思维。整套试题就是以语言理解为基础,结合句子之间的逻辑推断来考查学生的语言逻辑理解能力。同时,命题者对选项的设置非常精准。每一题的选项保持词性一致,不在语法角度考查学生,而是完全测试学生的语言逻辑理解能力,指向非常清晰。

在阅读中考查句间逻辑和段落理解能力

福州市第一卷第三板块

Ⅲ.阅读下面短文,把方框中的句子还原到文中。

In a word,microblog plays a new role in the life of Chinese people.

点评:学生的句间逻辑理解能力是重要的阅读能力之一。福州市的命题选材(Microblog)极具时代性,并且建立在对单句的理解之上测试学生的句间逻辑理解能力。例如:A选项关注“因果逻辑”,B选项关注“转折关系”。学生不仅需要理解文章中的单句,更需要对句子之间的逻辑作出判断,才能正确答题。例如空格73,既要求学生对于前句“It is easy and fast to send a message on a microblog.”有充分理解,还要求顾及后句“...the big earth-quake and tsunami hit Japan...”等信息,使选项能够“弥合”上下句之间的信息差。解答此类试题不仅仅需要准确理解词汇,更需要根据句子之间的“转折”、“递进”、“承接”、“概括”等关系进行合理推断。学生的语言能力不仅仅体现在单词的认知、句子的解释,更体现在段落之间的整体理解。该题型就将学生的段内理解能力作为测试目标,通过测试对句子之间关系的判断体现学生对语言理解的整体把握。

写作命题关注“测试中指导”,话题设计贴近学生生活

北京卷第十题

文段表达(共15分)

根据中文和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文,所给英文提示词语仅供选用,请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。

74.生活中每个人都有过与他人分享的体验,如分享一本有趣的书、一段难忘的经历、一个闪光的想法…

现在,某英文报纸就分享(Sharing)话题征文,请你投稿。描述一次你与他人分享的经历,并谈谈你的感受。

提示词语:share...with...;experience;interest; learn; change; encourage; enjoy; happiness; confident

点评:该作文命题的优点首先是写作要求清晰明了。比如:内容上的要求为“根据提示词”写作,结构上的要求为“意思连贯、符合逻辑”,同时补充指出“提示词语仅供选用,请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名”。其次,该话题“分享”充分考虑到了每一位考生的生活体验,这是学生写作内容具有“真实性”的基础,可以充分激活学生写作的可能和欲望。再次,“提示词语”是命题的又一亮点。这不仅仅为学生提供了写作的思路,铺设了写作的台阶,也让学生在测试的同时得以学习“话题语言”。

阅读设计文本特征明显,选项设置重点突出

北京卷阅读理解板块B篇

Street Ping Pong—Ping !

Do you like table tennis? If you had travelled to cities in the UK like London or Birmingham last summer,you might have seen one of the dozens of free tables that were there as part of a project(项目)called Ping!.

What is Ping ! ?

Ping! is a three-year table tennis project.It has been running since 2010 and this year,2012,is the final year.The idea is to put free table tennis tables in eight different towns in the UK for four weeks during the summer.Each table comes with its own bats and balls and is free to play.You can find the tables outdoors.

What does Ping! hope to achieve?

It would be great if Ping! helped find a new Olympic table tennis star but what Ping! really hopes to achieve is just to get people playing and having fun together."Putting a ping pong table on the street gives people a chance to connect with other people." said Meera Sodha,Ping! Project Manager.

One of the towns that took part in the project was Hull,a city in England.Forty-five tables were put into the city.Jakob Adamski,an ESOL student learning English,said,“I really enjoyed playing table tennis in the park.It was also a good way for me to practise my English and meet people.”

50.When did the Ping! project start?

A.Last summer.B.Last winter.

C.In 2010.D.In 2012.

51.What' s the Ping! project?

A.Choosing table tennis stars.

B.Holding table tennis matches.

C.Teaching people how to play table tennis.

D.Putting free table tennis tables in some towns.

52.The purpose of the Ping! project is .

A.to help people practise English

B.to invite people to visit the UK cities

C.to get people to play and have fun together

D.to encourage people to take part in the 2012Olympics

点评:该选文独具匠心,尤其是文本特征极为丰富,同时50~52题的命题抓住重点,凸显命题意图和测试目标。乍一看,阅读中的字体设计较其他篇幅有所不同:Ping!在全文中呈现斜体加粗,表明其为专有名词;全文的2个小标题单独成段,同时引领下文。命题者利用文本特征向读者传递信息,并且考查学生阅读知识和能力。基于本文主旨为“介绍Ping!项目”,命题者巧妙地通过三个问题“是什么”(What's the Ping!project?)、“何时开始”(When did the Ping!projects tart?)、“为什么”(The purpose of the Ping!project is_____.)抓住了文本的核心内容,全面测试了学生对于这一类文章的理解水平。由以上分析可知,阅读的命题不仅仅需要寻找信息、核对信息,还必须关注文本特征以及文体特点。试题的命制如果能够抓住这些要点展开并且考查学生对于细节和整体的把握,将具有很高的测试价值。

通过语言环境考查学生对于时态概念的理解

大连卷第3题

I ________to the cinema.Would you like to come with me?

A.go B.am going C.have gone D.went

点评:时态考题应不仅仅考查时态的形式,更应注重考查学生对于时态所表达的“动词时间概念”的理解。该题在选项上呈现出四种不同的时态形式,并且都能与句子主语“I”进行正确搭配,所以该题的命题指向非常明显。在题干的表达中,并没有出现明显的时间状语,而是通过语言情境体现“动作发生的时间”。简单的一句“Would you like to come with me?”就充分体现了“动作还未发生”,也并非“经常发生”,而是“将要发生”。本题题干部分简单明了,却抓住了时态考查的关键要点。语法试题不应该仅仅停留在“结构”上的“死记硬背”,而是应该通过有效设计情境,将语法的功能融合在试题情境之中,在语境中考查学生对语法功能的理解。

考题设置偏离测试目标,忽视任务驱动下的语言运用测试

河北省第二卷第八题

Ⅷ.任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,计10分)

阅读短文,并按要求完成76~ 80题。

As the Internet becomes more popular,many older media(媒体)businesses are dying out.But TV seems to be doing OK.In fact,it' s doing better than OK.Though the Internet is popular in the world,television continues to draw more and more people all over the world to many of its programs.Hundreds of millions turn to TV to watch World Cup Soccer,Olympic Games and Discoveries.

In many places,increasing numbers of people can watch more TV than before.Ten years ago,only 44%of British homes had satellite or cable TV(卫星或有线电视).Today,more than 93% do.More importantly,recent studies show that people are spending more time watching TV.Surprisingly,this is even true of young people between the ages of 8 and 18.Today's television industry has given so many choices.As a result,people can watch more of the things they like 24 hours a day.

The technology behind television has also improved.The big boxes that once filled living rooms are gone.Today's TV screens are thinner and thinner,yet the pictures are better and better.TVs are also moving from living rooms into kitchens and vehicles.

For years,TVs have also been used as video game players.But now they have been used in a few new ways.Many televisions can connect to the Internet and record programs.They also let people watch two programs at the same time.

The Internet is the main challenge(挑战)for television now.But TV industry has shown that television will be important for years to come.

76题判断正误(“T”表示正确,“F”表示错误);77题完成句子;78~ 79题简略回答问题;80题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

76.Studies show that people are spending more time watching TV than before.()

77.Many televisions can_____the Internet and record programs.

78.Where are TVs moving from living rooms?

_________________________

79.What is the main challenge for television?

___________________

80.____________________

点评:任务型阅读往往是在一个“模拟真实情境”下,学生通过对语言的理解和运用完成某一项任务,比如根据所提供的个人信息帮助他人填写申请表。这一题型既测试学生获取语言信息的能力,也测试学生对所获语言运用的能力。可是,本大题虽然标记“任务型阅读”,实际却只测试了学生获取细节信息的能力以及翻译含有最高级的语句的能力。比如:79.What is the main challenge for television?学生只需要对照原文“The Internet is the main challenge(挑战)for television now.”便可获取基本信息来回答。整个答题过程并不需要综合利用语言信息,也并没有出现“驱动型”的任务。虽然一篇阅读出现了“正误判断”、“填写句子”、“句子翻译”三种不同形式的测试,但是所有试题之间并没有在一个完整任务驱动下展开,这与本大题的“任务型阅读”定位相去甚远。

写作内容脱离学生生活实际,命题限定学生语言思维

江苏苏州卷第六题

书面表达(共1题,满分20分)

假设你是名初三毕业生,考上了理想的学校。今天是开学第一天,请你根据下表所列的内容要点,用英语写一篇日记,写下这一天的感受。

注意:1.词数90左右;2.日记的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;3.日记须包括所有内容要点,不要逐词翻译,可适当发挥,使其连贯、通顺;4.日记中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Monday,Sept.3 Fine

Today was the first day of my new life.I looked at my new books and checked everything for the new school year.I was excited as well as worried.

点评:本大题为书面表达测试题,希望学生通过描写一天的学习生活来呈现自身的语言水平。总体而言,学生对该话题比较熟悉,但是命题中的一些细节要求似乎使得写作内容严重脱离学生实际生活体验。例如,命题将写作场景定义在“未来开学的第一天”,并且还对“去校前”、“到校后”以及“离校时”的情感体验进行了限定,这无疑令“书面表达”的空间大大缩减,迫使学生戴着脚镣跳舞。该命题对学生可以发挥的“自由空间”和可能的“情感体验”进行了限定,无疑使“写作”成为“翻译”的变相。这样的命题对日常教学会产生一定的消极作用。良好的书面表达命题不仅应该基于学生实际的生活体验,兼顾学生已有的语言能力,还应该激发学生表达的欲望,这样才能更好地考查学生真实的书面表达水平。

对话语境缺失文化内涵,试题设置忽视中英文差异

陕西卷第十题

X.补全对话

A.根据对话内容,将方框内符合对话语境的句子抄写在对话空白处,使对话恢复完整,选项中有两项是多余的。

(Miss Yu is giving a class.Suddenly some bottles drop out of a student's desk.)

T:What' s the noise there?

S:Sorry,Miss Yu.76.____.

T:(Walking over to take a look.)Oh,so many bottles.

S:I' m collecting bottles.

T:77.________.

S:Because I want to make toys out of them.

T:78.________.If so,why not put a big paper box at the back of our classroom? Then your classmate can help collect the bottles.

S:Thanks for your advice.

T:79._________.

S:Yes,quite a few.

T:80._______.

S:Of course,I'll bring a few here tomorrow.

T:Perfect !

点评:补全对话是测试学生基于语言文化背景在模拟真实的场景中正确运用语言的能力,因此为了体现学生的语言水平,在命题过程中要关注对话场景的“真实性”以及“文化背景”。本大题的场景设定为“课堂教学过程中”(Miss Yu is giving a class.),教师感到上课有噪音后,通过询问发现学生在收集瓶子以制作玩具,随后给学生提出建设性意见。其设计场景为“上课中”,但因为教师由于一些噪音而停止教学,另行开展对话,所以也就失去了“场景设计”的真实意义。另外,在对话的文化内涵渗透过程中,对话话语缺少“真实性”(Authentic)。例如教师发现有瓶子摔落时提问“What's the noise there?”,这一提问有中式英语的倾向。如果进一步提高语言的“地道性”,本题的测试效果会更佳。

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2012年中学入学考试英语试题的“红黑名单”_table论文
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