动词不定式专项训练，本文主要内容关键词为：不定式论文,动词论文,专项论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。动词不定式带上自己的宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可以担任句子除谓语以外的任何成分。
动词不定式句法功能
Ⅰ.不定式功能表
Ⅱ.不定式的时态和语态形式表（以write为例）
1)一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其之后发生。
·He seems to know a lot.
·The teacher ordered the work to be done.
2)进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
·The boy pretended to be working hard.
·He seems to be reading in his room.
3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
·I happened to have seen the film.
·He is pleased to have met his friend.
Ⅲ.不定式的句法功能
1)作主语
·To finish the work inten minutes is very hard.
·To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，为使句子平衡常用it作形式主语。改写上面两个例句：
·It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
·It means failure to lose your heart.
注意：①动词不定式带逻辑主语：for+逻辑主语（宾格）+不定式，for无实际意义。
·There is much work for me to finish.
②It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.和It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.区别
sb.既是形容词的，又是不定式的逻辑主语时eb.前用of；如果只能作不定式的逻辑主语用for。
·It is very important for you to master a foreign language.
·It is very brave of you to have done it for the soldier.
用于这一句型中的形容词新课标中有careful，careless，clever，courageous，foolish，good，honest，nice，polite，right，silly，wise，wrong，grateful，naughty等说明某人品质、特性或行为方式的主动形容词。
2)作表语
·Her job is to clean the hall.
·He appears to have caught a cold.
注意：①不定式作表语，其主语通常是job，work，wish，hope，thought，idea，way，method，aim，duty，intention，purpose，suggestion等。
②主语部分有一个动作动词do时，作表语的动词不定式to可以省略。
·What we need to do is(to) reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy which are free and which will last for ever.
·All I did is(to) empty the bottle.
3)作宾语
动词不定式可以作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
·He refused to come to the party.
·I have no choice but to stay here.
·He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
常接不定式作宾语的动词有：want，hope，wish，offer，fail，plan，learn，pretend，refuse，manage，help，agree，promise和prefer等。
注意：①可用虚构词“merdowphfla”，其汉语谐音为“磨豆腐喽”，帮助归纳记忆接动词不定式作宾语的动词。m-mean（打算），manage（设法）；e-expect（期盼）；r-refuse（拒绝）；d-dare（敢），desire（渴望），determine（决心），decide（决定），demand（要求）；o-offer（企图）；w-want（想要），wish（希望）；p-promise（答应），pretend（假装），plan（计划）；h-hope；f-fail（失败）；l-long（渴望），learn（学习）；a-ask（要求），arrange（安排）。
②如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。
·Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
4)作宾语补足语
·My teacher told us not to be late again.
·We will invite our teacher to attend the party.
注意：接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。
①主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/expoct/advise/allow/permit/forbid sb.to do sth.
·He asked me to work hard for the people.
·She tells us not to come late.
②主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb.to be…
·I think him to be honest.
·I believe her to be a good student.
主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb.to have done…
·We considered him to have been to the U.S.
·He is considered to have been to Beijing.
③主语+hear(listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，feel，have，let，make)sb do…
·I saw him go out just now.
·He made us do a lot of homework.
不定式作宾补何时不带to？二听、五看、一感觉，使役动词有三个，help可带，可不带。
二听：hear，listen to；五看：see，watch，notice，observe，look at；一感觉：feel；三个使役动词：have，let，make。但是，如果变为被动语态时动词不定式的to要还原。
·I made him tell the truth.→He was made to tell the truth.
·I saw him cross the road.→He was seen to cross the road.
④主语+want，wish，ask，tell，order，beg，permit，help，advise，persuade，allow，prepare，cause，force，call on，wait for，invite sb.to do sth.
⑤主语+call on/depend on/wait for/ask for sb to do sth.
·He called on us to learn from Lei Feng.
·He depends on his parents to give him food and clothing.
⑥介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用。
·With a lot of work to do，he didn't go to the cinema.
5)作定语
·There are many ways to solve the problem.
·I have something important to tell you.
注意：①如果不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系，不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。
·He found a good house to live in.
·The child has nothing to worry about.
·What did you open it with?
②不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系，如果不定式修饰time，place，way，可以省略介词。
·He has no place to live.
·This is the best way to work out this problem.
③不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系，如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式。
·Have you got anything to sent?
·Have you got anything to be sent?
6)作状语
不定式作状语可以作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、表程度状语。
·English is difficult to learn.
·We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
·She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.
注意：①不定式作目的状语可用in order to或so as to（不能放在句首）表示。
·In order to go to key university，he studies hard.
·He sat in the front in order to/so as to see more clearly.
=He sat in the front so that/in order that he could see more clearly.
②动词不定式作结果状语常常可以用以下结构。
so as to；so+adj./adv.+as to do…；enough to do…；too+adj./adv.to do…；such…as to do…
·He sat in the front so as to see more clearly.
=He sat in the front so that he saw more clearly.
·She got up early so as to catch the first train.
=She got up so early that she caught the first train.
·He was so kind as to give me a lot of help.
③动词不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的结果常常用only to do结构。
·He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.
·He arrived late only to find the train gone.
注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。
×To save money，every means has been tried.
√To save money，he has tried every means.
×To learn English well，a dictionary is needed.
√To learn English well，he needs a dictionary.