王宏宇
摘要：主谓一致是英语语法当中比较简单易懂的知识点，是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，本文就这一语法项目从四个方面展开了讨论，以便让学生更好地记忆.
关键词：英语语法；主谓一致；解题方法
一、用单数的情况
1.有些集体名词(总称意义的)，谓语动词用单数。
furniture, clothing, jewellery, luggage, machinery, pottery
eg: Much of the jewellery was missing.
2.名词所有格后的名词常被省，指工厂、人家、店铺等，谓语动词用单数。
eg: The barber’s/My uncle’s is on the other side of the street.
3. to do, doing作主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: To help you is my pleasure.
4.合成代词some/any/no/every+thing/body/one作主语及each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主及either/neither/each/every/many a/more than one+名作主，谓语动词用单数。(none 单复数均可)
eg: More than one student has seen the film.
eg: Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
5.由连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有each, every, no , many a 修饰，谓语动词用单数。
eg: No teacher and no student is here.
6.表时间，距离，金钱，重量，度量衡等的数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: Five minutes is enough.
eg: Ten dollars is too dear.
但如强调数量，谓语动词用复。eg: One hundred cents are a dollar.
二、复数情况
1. people, police, cattle, folk, youth等作主，谓语动词用复数。
eg: The police were searching for him.
2. trousers, glasses, shoes, clothes, shorts, scissors, jeans, compasses, chopsticks谓语动词用复数(但若前有单位词，由单位词定)
eg: These trousers are made in China.
eg: This pair of trousers is made in China.
单复数视情况而定
1.集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语用单；作为成员，谓语用复。常见的集体名词有：enemy, family, public, class, team, school, club, army, government, group, audience, company, committee, crowd, crew, couple, jury, party, population, union
eg: Our class is a united one, and our class are football lovers.
eg: The population of China is large and 80 of the population of China are farmers.
2. 单复数同形的名词作主，谓语动词根据意义而定，常见的名词有：deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, fishes
eg: The species of fish are numerous.
eg: This species of rose is strange.
3.复数名词用作专有名词，书名，剧名，报刊名，国家名等作主，谓语动词用单数；但山脉，群岛，瀑布，海峡的名词，谓语用复数。
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eg: The New York Times sells well.
eg: The United States was founded in 1776.
eg: The Philipines lie to the southeast of China.
4.以S结尾的表学科的单数名词，谓语用单；若学科名词前有the/one’s，表某人在某学科能力成绩方面存在问题，谓语用单数。
eg: Physics is a different subject.
eg: His physics are weak.
5.the+adj 表一类人，谓语用复；表一类物，谓语用单。
eg: The old are well looked after.
eg: The new will replace the old.
eg: The young standing at the door is my brother.
6.分数，百分数及the rest, some, most, half, any, part, all, the remainder, plenty of, enough+of+名语作主，谓语根据名语数而定。
eg: A part of the land is devoted to agriculture.
eg: A part of the fields are watered.
eg: All were silent. 大家都一言不发。
eg: All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
7.主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, including, combined with, accompanied by, in addition to, no less than等词时，谓语与主语一致。
eg: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.
eg: He no less than you is wrong.
8. and 连接两个名词表同一个人或物，谓语用单；指不同人或物，谓语用复。
eg: The writer and poet has been there.
eg: The writer and the poet have been there.
eg: Truth and honesty is the best policy.
eg: War and peace is a constant theme in history.
9.what 引导主语从句，谓语常用单数；但若从句的宾语或表语是复数，谓语用复数。
eg: What you said is right.
eg: What we need is a good book./ What we need are good books.
10. 由kind, form, type, sort, species, series, quantity of +名词作主，谓语动词取决于这些词的单复数。
eg: This kind of men is honest. / All kinds of books are good.
eg: Men of this kind are honest.
11.定语从句的先行词前有one of 时，定语从句中谓语动词看先行词；若有the only修饰，从句谓动词用单数。
eg: He is one of the students who study hard.
eg: He is the only one of the students who studies hard.
12. such, the same, the former, the latter, the following 等视其指代内容而定。
eg: Such is our plan.
eg: Such are his books.
eg: Of pigs and cows, the former are less valuable.
四、就近一致原则
1.or, either…or , neither..nor, not only…but also, not…but连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语就近一致。
2.There, Here 引导的句子。
eg: There are two books.
eg: Here comes the bus.
eg: There is a book and two knives on the desk.
注意： One and a half+名词复数，谓单
More than one+名词单数，谓单
Many a+名词单数，谓单
One or two+名词复数，谓复
以上的分类解释比较清楚明了，笔者希望对认为此处比较难理解的人们会有所帮助，以取得更好的成绩.
作者单位：黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学
邮政编码：158100
论文作者:王宏宇
论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2014年2期供稿
论文发表时间:2014-2-25
标签：谓语论文; 单数论文; 复数论文; 动词论文; 名词论文; 主语论文; 从句论文; 《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2014年2期供稿论文;