定语从句易考点例析，本文主要内容关键词为：从句论文,定语论文,考点论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
定语从句是初中教材中新增加的一个重要语法项目，也是各地中考的必考内容之一。因此，熟练掌握定语从句的用法，准确把握中考对定语从句的考查方向就显得非常重要。本文拟结合典型试题，对该语法项目在中考试题中可能出现的考点进行分类例析，希望能对参加中考的同学们有所帮助。
易考点一：考查关系代词与关系副词的用法
例 (1)I will never forget the days______I worked on the farm.
(2)I will never forget the days______I spent on the farm.
A.that B.where C.when D.why
析 (1)中先行词the days在定语从句中作时间状语，因此选用关系副词when，答案为C。(2)中先行词the days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词that/which或省略关系代词，答案为A。
考点归纳 关系词的选择关键要看先行词在定语从句中担当的成分。作主语或宾语，选用关系代词，指人用who（宾格用whom，所有格用whose）或that；指物用which或that。另外还要注意以下几点：
1.who用来指人，在从句中可担任主语或宾语，但who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，则必须用whom。如：He is the man with whom I just shook hands.
2.that用来指人时，who和that在许多情况下可以换用，但下列情况下只用who，不用that。
(1)先行词是one,ones,anyone和those时。如：One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.
(2)在以there be开头的句子中。如：There is an old man who wants to see you at the school gate.
(3)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个须用who。如：The boy that you met yesterday is the monitor who studies very hard.
3.whose是所有格形式，它既可以代人也可以代物。当whose代物时，相当于…of which。如：Please show me the book whose cover is green.=Please show me the book,the cover of which is green.
4.当that和which在限制性定语从句中代物时，二者常可换用，但在下列情况下只能用which，不能用that。
(1)关系代词前有介词。如：This is the room in which I used to live.
(2)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，另一句应用which。如：Let me show you the book that l borrowed from the library which is in the center of the city.
(3)非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。如：Guilin is a most beautiful place,which I'm looking forward to visiting some day.
5.关系副词where,when和why引导定语从句时，在从句中分别作地点、时间和原因状语，起副词和介词短语的作用。如：
This is the house where I was born.
We'll never forget the day when we joined the League.
The reason why I am calling you that I want to invite you to my birthday party.
易考点二：考查which在非限制性定语从句中的应用
例 The result of the experiment was very good,______we hadn't expected（预料）.
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.it
析 该题所提供的四个选项中，it不能引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，when是关系副词，在定语从句中只能作状语，而定语从句中缺少宾语，因此选用答案C。
考点归纳
1.限制性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。如果去掉，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：
This is the man who gave me the money.
上句如果去掉从句who gave me the money，则成了This is the man.完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能去掉。
2.非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。去掉后不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：
Li Ming,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions.
上述主句是Li Ming wants to ask you some questions.如果去掉从句who is in the room，并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。
3.另外，在意思上，限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别还是比较大的。
试比较下面两个句子：
He has a brother who lives in Beijing.他有一个住在北京的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个是住在北京的。）
He has a brother,who lives in Bejiing.他有一个哥哥，住在北京。（只有一个哥哥）
易考点三：考查定语从句与短语的句型转换
为了使句子变得简洁，往往可以把从句简化为短语，这也是中考句型转换常考的重点之一。
1.定语从句转换成不定式短语。如：
The next train which will arrive is from Beijing.→The next train to arrive is from Beijing.
He is a good person with whom you can work.→He is a good person to work with.
2.定语从句转换成分词短语。如：
The man who is standing over there is my English teacher.→The man standing over there is my English teacher.
The books which were written by him are very popular.→The books written by him are very popular.
3.定语从句转换成形容词短语。如：
I have broken the glass which was full of milk.→I have broken the glass full of milk.
4.定语从句转换成名词短语。如：
Li Lei,Who is a child of only ten,has to do a lot of homework.→Li Lei,a child of only ten,has to do a lot of homework.
5.定语从句转换成介词短语。如：
In our school there are lots of students who are from the countryside.→In our school there are lots of students from the countryside.
总之，定语从句知识点繁多，但现行教材中涉及到的内容较少。同学们在复习时，应注重基本知识的牢固掌握，对一些常见的考点熟记于心，再进行适当练习，中考时一定能取得好成绩。
定语从句对比练习：
Fill in the blanks with the words given:
1.that,where
a.This is the place______we worked last month.
b.This is the place______we visited last month.
2.that,the one
a.Is this the book______you bought yesterday?
b.Is this bookyou______bouSht yesterday?
3.where,which
a.That's the viilage he______used to live when he was young.
b.That's the viilage in______he used to live when he was young.
4.when,that
a.I'll always remember the days______we worked together.
b.I'll always remember the days______we spent together.
5.whose,which
a.This is the house______windows were broken.
b.This is the house,the windows of______were broken.
6.who,whom
a.She has three sons,two of______dssied inbattles.
b.She has three sons,______all died in battles.
KEY:1.a.where b.that 2.a.that b.the one
3.a.where b.which 4.a.when b.that
5.a.whose b.which 6.whom b.who