芬兰：PISA 热的局内人反思＊
——对话芬兰教育研究所测评团队
于国文 曹一鸣
摘要： 芬兰以其高质量的教育引起国际社会的广泛关注，其在PISA 测评中的表现历来卓越，但又存在着显著下降趋势，引起芬兰PISA 测评领域内专家的反思。通过对芬兰教育研究所专家进行集体访谈以及文献解读，研究展示了PISA 测评在芬兰的实施，结果报告和反馈，地区差异、校际差异、性别差异、移民融合教育的解读，以及其表现卓越和下降趋势的原因探究。启示我国教育界辩证对待大型测评，促使其实现助力教育治理、完善教育系统、优化学校文化、促进学习者进步等教育功能，切实落实“后测评”功能的实现。
关键词： PISA；芬兰；教育治理；局内人反思
表1 芬兰PISA 2015 科学素养测评区域均值
图1 芬兰PISA 性别差异趋势
资料来源:OECD. New Insights From TALIS 2013: Teaching And Learning in Primary and Upper Secondary Education [EB/ OL]. https://www.compareyourcountry.org/pisa/country/fin?lg=en，2014-12-09.
图2 芬兰PISA 测评表现
表2 芬兰学生每天校外上网时长（%）
PISA in Finland: Reflection From Insiders——Dialogue with The Finnish Institute for Educational Research Assessment Team
YU Guowen CAO Yiming
Abstract: Finland has attracted wide attention from the international community with its high-quality education. Its performance in PISA evaluation has always been excellent, but there is a significant decline trend, which has caused reflections from experts in the field of PISA assessment in Finland. Through interviews with experts from The Finnish Institute for Educational Research and literature analysis, the study demonstrates the implementation of PISA assessments in Finland, the way of reporting results to the government and public, regional differences, inter-school differences, gender differences, and the reasons for their excellent performance as well as the decline trends. It enlightens attitude towards large-scale evaluations and promotes a fuller use of the educational functions of the results in improving education system, optimizing school culture,promoting learners' progress, and implementing the "post-assessment" function effectively.
Keywords: PISA; Finland; education governance; reflections from insiders
作者简介： 于国文/北京师范大学数学科学学院博士后，北京教育科学研究院基础教育教学研究中心助理研究员(北京 100875)
曹一鸣/北京师范大学数学科学学院教授，博士生导师 (北京 100875)
*本文系全国教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度青年专项课题：形式与功能：中美芬数学课堂关键教学行为比较研究(EHA180480)阶段性成果。
标签：PISA论文; 芬兰论文; 教育治理论文; 局内人反思论文; 北京师范大学数学科学学院论文; 北京教育科学研究院基础教育教学研究中心论文;