Ensured Human Rights for Everyone
By NING SHUGUANG
The physically challenged residents weave rattan articles in a cooperative in Yazhou Town, Hai’an City, Jiangsu Province on June 13, 2019.
SINCE the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese people have had their sense of gain, happiness, and security continue to rise. Theey have never enjoyed such a broad range of human rights as they do today. China, for many years, has been elected a member of the UN Human Rights Council with an overwhelming majority of votes, fully demonstrating the international community's endorsement of China's human rights cause.
接受美学理论是20世纪60年代以后应运而生的，以读者为中心，强调读者与作品关系的文学理论之一。在德国康斯坦茨学派的两位代表人物罗伯特·姚斯和沃·伊塞尔的《文学史作为文学理论的挑战》和《文本的召唤结构》公开发表后，接受美学理论正式走入人们的视野，为人们所用。
Ensuring the People's Rights to Subsistence and Development
For a people and a nation, the right to subsistence is the premise and basis for other human rights.
Data show that before the founding of the New China in 1949, the people were generally living in poverty in China, and the average life expectancy was less than 35 years. Thee average period of schooling was less than one year, and about 90 percent of the Chinese were illiterate. Thee people had always lived through wars and suffering, and there was no sense of happiness.
During the past 70 years, China's human rights situation has fundamentally changed. People's lives have achieved a historic leap from poverty to assured access to adequate food and clothing and then to a well-off society. China's population has grown from 540 million to about 1.4 billion; life expectancy has grown to nearly 77 years, and the average period of schooling has reached 11 years for the population. In 2018, the national grain output jumped to 657.89 million tons. China has managed to feed the world's largest population with limited arable land. Its citizen's right to subsistence is well protected.
China also attaches great importance to the protection of children's rights. In addition to provisions in the Civil Law and the Criminal Procedure Law, China promulgates special laws for the protection of rights and interests of the minor, including the Law on the Protection of Minors, and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. Also, the National Development Program for Children (2011-2020) and the National Development Plan for Children in Poor Areas (2014-2020) have improved the system for the protection of children's rights and the care service system.
Comprehensively Coordinating and Protecting All Human Rights
China has implemented the system of ethnic autonomy in regions inhabited by ethnic groups. At present, there are 159 regions inhabited by ethnic groups across the country that have achieved regional autonomy. All ethnic autonomous areas enjoy extensive autonomy in accordance with the law.
In China, there are many religions, such as Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity. Thee Chinese Constitution stipulates that citizens have freedom of religious belief.
In China, there are many religions, such as Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity. Thee Chinese Constitution stipulates that citizens have freedom of religious belief.
Building a Community of Shared Future for Human Beings and Promoting Global Human Rights Governance, a parallel session of the South-South Human Rights Forum, is held in Beijing on December 7, 2017.
China has the largest number of Internet users in the world. Up to December 2018, the number of Chinese netizens reached 829 million, and the Internet penetration rate reached 59.6 percent. Netizens access news and are able to post comments online. Thee Internet has become an important channel for the Chinese government to understand public opinion. In addition, citizens' right of personality, property rights, work rights, social security rights, health rights, cultural rights, and other economic and social rights are effectively guaranteed.
Since 2012, China has revised the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, and issued more than 70 policy documents, such as Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Elderly Care Service Industry and Thee 13th Five-Year National Old-Age Career Development and Pension System Construction Plan, initially establishing a pension law and policy system.
Thee Chinese Constitution clearly stipulates that all power of the People's Republic of China belongs to the people. It provides that except persons deprived of political rights in accordance with the law, Chinese citizens who are 18 years old and above, regardless of ethnicity, gender, occupation, family origin, religious beliefs, educational level, property status, wealth, and duration of residence, have the right to vote and the right to stand for election.
Effectively Protecting the Rights and Interests of Vulnerable Groups
In particular, China has specifically guaranteed the rights of women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities and ethnic minorities through legislation, and has incorporated relevant matters into the overall plan for national economic and social development, so that special groups can better share the achievements of the economic development.
对照组采用常规西医治疗方法,实验组则采用中西医结合方法。对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较。实验组的治疗总有效率为97.62%,而对照组的总有效率为76.75%。实验组的治疗效果显著于对照组。并且,两组患者在接受治疗后,实验组的抗卵巢抗体、抗精子抗体和抗子宫内膜抗体的转阴率均高于对照组,其中,两组数据均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结果表明:中西医结合方法在治疗免疫性不孕不育中的临床应用效果显著。
Especially since the reform and opening-up kicked off in 1978, China has helped more than 700 million people get rid of absolute poverty. Jim Yong Kim, former president of the World Bank, pointed out in 2017 that China's achievements in poverty reduction over the past few years were one of the greatest events in human history. Thee world population suffering from extreme poverty has fallen from 40 percent to 10 percent, with major contributions made by China.
China has also established the largest social security system in the world. By the end of 2018, the number of people with access to basic pension insurance reached 942 million, and basic medical insurance covered 1.35 billion people. Thee prevalence of compulsory education has reached the average level of high-income countries in the world.
At present, China has formed a legal system protecting women's rights and interests based on the Constitution. Thee system includes more than 100 sets of laws and regulations, protecting women's rights to employment and work.
China has now established a relatively complete system of laws and regulations for physically challenged people. By April 2018, there were more than 80 laws and 50 administrative laws and regulations directly related to the protection of the rights and interests of the population. Protection for the group has been included in the national development strategy, and seven five-year development plans for the cause of the disabled have also been promulgated.
In fact, the human rights advocated by China are not only the rights to subsistence and development, but also rights in politics, economy, culture, and society. Thee development of China's human rights cause has adhered to the principle of coordination and balanced promotion of all human rights.
Active Participation in Global Human Rights Governance
During the past 70 years, China has facilitated a large number of aid projects, such as poverty reduction, education, health, infrastructure, and agricultural production, to developing countries in Asia and Africa. It has played an important role in safeguarding and promoting people's livelihood, highlighting China's sense of responsibility in promoting the common development of mankind as a major country.
随着精英文化的衰落和大众文化的崛起，以身体消费为中心的感官刺激和感性化追求逐渐成为大学生审美情趣的主流。同时，文化符号也开始由先前的文字、语言更多地被图形图像所替代。这就导致当今部分大学生在审美活动中过多地去注重体验，而不是去多加思考，使他们的审美价值观发生了严重错位，并始终处于被重构、被改革的过程中。而审美价值观与世界观中的社会观、政治观、文化观，与人生观中的自我观、道德观等是密切渗透、相互影响的。因此，这对当今大学生思想政治教育工作来说也是一个极大的挑战。
在发生多罐火灾或罐群火灾情况下，应按照“先控制，后消灭；先邻近罐，后着火罐；先上风、后下风；先地面，后油罐”的原则[4]进行处置。先冷却受到火势威胁的邻近罐，保证邻近罐的安全，防止火势扩大蔓延；在条件允许时，同时对着火罐进行冷却；在灭火力量不足时，按先上风、后下风的原则进行扑救；若力量足够，则可分组同时实施扑救。
From 1950 to 2016, China had provided more than RMB 400 billion (US $56.65 billion) in aid to foreign countries and implemented more than 5,000 foreign aid projects. Till 2018, China had dispatched 26,000 medical workers to 72 countries and regions, and provided medical services to 280 million patients, saving countless lives.
China has acceded to 26 international human rights conventions and earnestly fulfilled its obligations under international human rights treaties. Up to August 2018, China had submitted 26 performance reports to treaty bodies for a total of 39 issues and accepted 26 reviews.
监测内容为沉降观测和收敛监测；监测频次以14次为一个周期，时间间隔为1 d或2 d，周期完成若围岩不稳定接着观测，直到观测段不再变形。
2.2.1 城市建设占用部分耕地面积，导致耕地面积有所减少35.3%，城镇用地、农村居民点及其他建筑用地的面积有所增加。
China actively participates in global human rights governance, and shows support for the concept that “the rights to subsistence and development are the primary and basic human rights” in the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council. China insists that all human rights should be promoted in a coordinated manner and advocates the unity of universality and particularity in human rights protection. It emphasizes such concepts and propositions on human rights as promoting development through cooperation and promoting human rights through development. China plays a leading role in the development of human rights in developing countries and the world.
Handwoven blankets by women in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province have become popular tourist products. Ma Li
NING SHUGUANG is a research fellow at the Contemporary China and World Research Institute.