写作中三种普遍的句法错误，本文主要内容关键词为：句法论文,三种论文,错误论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
在给学生辅导四级作文写作及四级阅卷中，笔者发现公外学生写作中普遍存在着以下三种句法错误：
错误之一：把because引导的从句当成完整的句子。例如：Some people think that humanbeings can not use up all the fresh water on earth.Because it rains now and then.There are a lot of rivers and lakes in the world.
斜体部分是错误的，因为because是连词，它引出从句，是句子的一部分，还需要有主句才能构成完整的句子。because引导状语从句时，位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句中、句尾。从内容上分析，上述文字中后两句应是第一句话的原因。所以可以按下列方式改写句子：
1.Some people think that human beings can not use up all the fresh water on earth,because it rains now and then and there are a lot of rivers and lakes in the world.
2.Because it rains now and then and there are a lot of rivers and lakes in the world,some people think that human beings can not use up all the fresh water on earth.
当然，有时because从句可以作为插入语。请看例句：
The machine,because it's old,has to be oiled from time to time to keep working.
补充：(1)because引出的从句还可以作表语，这种情况更适用于a.因果关系中原因过长；b.因果关系中结果过长；c.或两者兼而有之。如：
I heard myself saying an improper utterance like"Not waste money that way."My husband was with me,and he didn't notice it in my English.And then I realized why.It's because over the twenty years that we have been together.I've often used the same kind of English with him,and sometimes he even uses it with me.
所以开篇的病句还可以改正为：
3.Some people think that human beings can not use up all the fresh water on earth.It's(This is,That's) because it rains now and then and there are a lot of rivers and lakes in the world.
补充：(2)有时候，用“because of＋名词词组”作句子的状语会使句子更简练。但使用这种结构需要两部分的因果关系很鲜明。如：
1)The flight was delayed because of the bad weather.
2)The volleyball game could not be held at the scheduled time because of the rain.
补充：(3)在回答why开始的疑问句时，可以用because加从句作为完整回答，这时它是省略句。例如：
"Why did you throw it?" "Because Carlos told me to."
错误之二：把“for example＋名词（或名词词组）”当成完整的句子。例如：I have a very good plan to entertain you when you come to visit me.For example,climbing a mountain.
斜体部分是短语，它既没有主语也没有谓语，不构成完整的句子。for example在句中可以是插入语，经常放在句首、句中，应用于完整句中。所以下列五种方式可以改正该病句的错误，首先斜体部分可以改为：
1)For example,I'll take you to(We'll)climb a mountain.
2)I will,for example,take you to climb a mountain.
3)We will,for example,go to climb a mountain.
补充：(1)take...for example这个结构也可以构成完整的句子，意思是“（让我们）拿……做个比喻／打个比方，比方说”，它后面通常要有进一步的陈述。例如：
A large family doesn't necessarily mean a couple and many children.Take John's for example.There are six people in his family:John,his wife,his parents,and his two children.
所以上面的病句还可以改正为：
4)I have a very good plan to entertain you when you come to visit me,Take climbing a mountain for example.It will be a good pastime for us,I think.
补充：(2)汉语中的“例如／比如”不必总用"for example"来表达，如果前后名词有列举关系，有时需要用"such as"。例如：
There are many things you have to prepare for Christmas,such as a Christmas tree,sufficient food for guests and the family,and enough gifts for friends and your children.
所以上面的病句也可以改正为：
5)I've arranged(I'll arrange)some activities such as mountain climbing to entertain you when you come to visit me.
错误之三：忽视there be结构中的be是谓语动词，在这个结构后还用谓语动词。例如：There are some people don't agree with him.
在there be结构中，be是谓语动词，不需要另外的谓语部分。如果再需要用动词的时候要考虑用动词的非谓语形式或从句。所以该病句可以改正为：
1)There are some people not agreeing with him.
2)There are some people who don't agree with him.
补充：这类错误往往是学生的不良写作习惯造成的，他们脑子里想好汉语句子，然后逐词对译，不顾英语的语言特点、语法要求，写出不伦不类的英语。上面的病句最好改成：
3)Some people don't agree with him.
标签：英语论文; 句子论文; 从句论文; Mountain论文;