谈高三英语单词归纳复习法，本文主要内容关键词为：高三论文,归纳论文,英语单词论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
1996年高考首次推出“单词拼写”，检测考生对英文单词的记忆和运用，即在具体的语言环境中掌握单词。该题将单词的拼写与应用结合起来，既要求拼写正确，又要根据所给句子使单词的形式符合句义。而这一切都建立在学生记忆单词的基础上，即单词记忆过程中有了扎实的基本功，记准了单词就成为做好“单词拼写”的前提，为以后能把单词的正确形式放在句子中积累知识和打好基础。
高三学生通过几年的英语学习，掌握了大量的单词。高考前教师若能把零散的单词通过各种方式加以归纳复习，就能提高学生记忆单词的能力。
下面笔者联系高考“单词拼写题”，对照《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》词汇表，依据现行教材和教学大纲，谈谈高考前复习单词时笔者常采用的归纳复习法。
一、单词的形式：每个词都有一定的形式，相近形式的词归纳复习，成为块状或网状记忆。分以下几种：
1.词形相似：
A.abroad,broad,broadcast,board,blackboard,cupboare
B.parent,pleasant,peasant,present
C.cabbage,luggage(baggage),carriage,marriage,average,passage
Do you know the average monthly rainfall in this area?
(NMET99)
Does Radio Beijing broadcast the news every hour on the
hour?(NMET96)
2.构词法：利用构词法知识记忆单词，如词缀（前缀、后缀），词根、合成、派生等。
A.organiz(s)e,realiz(s)e,recogniz(s)e
B.simply, possibly, probably, terribly, gently,comfortably
（上述副词的形容词是以-le 结尾，变为副词时去e加y 。 whole-wholly例外。）
C.attention,attentive,attentively
D.succeed,success,successful,successfully
I recognized Mike the moment I saw him.(NMET99)
I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk morecomfortably.(NMET97)
The National Games were well organized.(NMET96)
The students were listening to the teacher attentively.(NMET96)
3.对比法：
altogether -togetherquantity - quality
healthy - wealthy
medal - metal
familiar - similar official - officer
majority - minority alone - along
experience - experiment whether - weather
composition - competition
She looks familiar to me.But I don't remember her name.
(NMET99)
What will the weather be like tomorrow?(NMET98)
We aim at quality rather than quantity.(NMET96)
4.由动词派生为名词时变化特殊的词：
explain - explanation enter-entrance
know - knowledge satisfy - satisfaction
please - pleasure describe - description
pronounce - pronunciation
二、用法
1.用法相同：
A.permit,allow,advise,forbid sb.to do sth.
B.construction,discussion,control, repair, treatment,pressure（与under搭配，意为“在……中”， 表示“过程”或“遭受”。）
Several new railways are under construction in China.(NMET96)
Some people work better under pressure.(NMET97)
C.anger,silence,comfort,surprise,height,width,depth,length（与介词 in 搭配时， 相当于该词的副词或形容词， 如：inanger = angrily，in height=high）
2.含义不同
A.wide - widely
deep - deeply
high - highly
low - lowly（都是副词词性，无-ly表示具体含义，有-ly表示抽象含义）
B.下列副词有无-ly差别很大
hard（努力），hardly（几乎不），near（靠近），nearly（将近，几乎）。
三、发音
1.发音相同
A.mountain,captain,fountain,bargain
B.measure,treasure,pleasure,usual,
conclusion,decision,television
C.paths,mouths,youths,baths
2.发音不同
A.do - doesdo - don't
can - can't shall - shan't
B.politics - politicalsouth - southern
mean - meant
music - musician
cigar - cigarette
cloth - clothes
real - reality library - librarian
nature - naturally nation - national
Don't be frightened by the television camera. Just speaknaturally.(NMET98)
She's bought some cloth to make herself a dress.(NMET96)
四、分类法
A.与农业有关：
agriculture,field,plough,crop,seed,harvest, wheat,grain,corn,cotton
B.科目
Chinese,English,history,geography,maths, arithmetic,chemistry,physics,politics,biology,art
C.“月份（1至12月）、星期（星期一至星期日）、 四季（春夏秋冬）”归纳在一起进行复习（限于篇幅，不再列出）
五、“顺口溜”记忆法：
A.记忆序数词中特殊的词时，可用顺口溜“八去t，九减e，f 来把ve替，若是遇上几十几，ie 就把y 来替”来帮助记忆。 即 eighth，ninth，fifth，twelfth，twentieth，thirtieth…
B.记忆下列动词的变化时，可用顺口溜“规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则”：
lieliedliedlying 说谎
lielay lainlying 躺；位于
laylaidlaidlaying 产卵，下蛋
C.记忆感官动词和使役动词时，可用“五三二一”，即“五看”（see,watch,notice,observe,look at）；“三使”（let,make,have）；“二听”（hear,listen to）；“一觉（feel）
D.记忆以字母o 结尾的词变复数时可用“种植西红柿马铃薯和烟草的黑人是英雄。”
The Negroes who plant tomatoes, potatoes and tobaccoesare heroes.（tobacco 用复数时表示烟叶的种类，复数形式可只加-s 或加-es。）
六、近义词、反义词的归纳复习
A.telegraph - telegram actual - practical
protect - defend
persuade - advise
clinic - hospital
divide - separate
receive - accept asleep - sleepy
technology - technique
B.success - failure weakness - strength victory - defeat
七、归纳较长的易拼错的常用词
高考“单词拼写”常选择多音节的“长词”或单词的发音和词形不相吻合的部分常用词进行命题。基于高考的这一特点，复习过程中，特别是后期的复习中，
常把具有这些特点的词不断加强复习。
如accident,address,assistant,casstle,exhibition,electricity,prepare,convenient, restaurant, umbrella, government,society,splendid,stomach,voyage, president, passenger,material,announce,envelope 等等。
上面所述，只是着重于归纳记忆单词。而“单词拼写”题绝不是单纯的单词拼写，即并非孤立地考查拼写单词，而是兼测句意、词义、词性、词形及用法，集理解、语法、结构、拼写于一体，是语境化的体现。考生只有结合具体的语境，利用所学的词汇和句法知识才能顺利地做好单词拼写题。