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直接引语变间接引语是高中英语必修一的重点语法。直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语（Direct Speech）。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语（Indirect Speech）。直接引语前后一般要加引号，间接引语前后不加引号。在大多数情况下，间接引语以宾语从句的形式出现。做题时要注意以下变化：时态、指代（人称代词、指示代词）、时间状语、地点状语、句式、语序和连接词等的变化。为方便广大师生学习和巩固本语法，笔者结合自己的教学实践，提出直接引语变间接引语的“七变”和“八不变”，以飨读者。
一、“七变”
（一）变“代词”
在直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中的四类代词（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词）需根据具体情况作出相应的变化。
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等要根据具体情况作出合理的改变。直接引语中的这三类代词遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则，即：
（1）“一随主”指直接引语中的第一人称在变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如：
Paul said，”I am twenty.”
→Paul said that he was twenty.
She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”
→ She said her brother wanted to go with her.
”I can look after myself,” said Jack.
→Jack said he could look after himself.
（2）”二随宾”指直接引语中的第二人称在变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语在人称上保持一致。如：
Tom said to me,“Are you coming tomorrow?”
→Tom asked me if I was coming the next day.
（3）”第三人称不更新”指直接引语中的第三人称在变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：
He said,“Is she an English teacher?”
→ He asked if she was an English teacher.
2.指示代词变化如表1。
Toby said to me,“This is the School Computer Center."
→Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.
Kate told me,“These photos were taken ten years ago.”
→Kate told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.
注意：在说话者的当时、当地转述时，this，these不用变。
（二）变”时态”
直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语时态变化如表2。
Anne said,“I have lost a pen.”
→Anne said she had lost a pen.
She said,“David will go to see his friend.”
→She said David would go to see his friend.
（三）变“动词”
在把直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语中的方向性动词变化如表3。
My sister asked me,“Could you bring the chairs upstairs?”
→ My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.
Helen told me,“I'd prefer you to come to the party this weekend.”
→ Helen told me that she would prefer me to go to the party that weekend.
注意：如果当地转述，bring，come等无需变化。
（四）变“时间状语”
在把直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语中的时间状语变化如表4。
She said to me,“You can't settle anything now.”
She told me that I couldn't settle anything then.
“I feel better today,” he said.
→He said that he felt better that day.
注意：以上时间状语的变化有时应视情况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等不必改为that day，the day before，the next day等；若在当周转述，this week，last week不必改为that week，the last week;若在当年转述，this year，last year不必改为that year，the last year等。如：
—Jimmy,we'll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.
—What did Daddy say just now,Mummy?
—He said we would take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.
（五）变“地点状语”
主要涉及的地点状语是here，它在间接引语中通常要变为there。如：
“I've worked here for 8 years,” John said.
John said that he had worked there for 8 years.
注：若在当地转述，则here也可不必改为there。
（六）变“语序”
如果直接引语是疑问句，在变为间接引语后“疑问句”变成了宾语从句，所以要将疑问句语序变陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面）。
“What are your parents and where do they live?” the policeman asked me.
→The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived.
（七）变“句式”
1.直接引语是陈述句。
直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：
She said,“Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2.直接引语是疑问句。
（1）直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。直接引语中的疑问句变为间接引语时必须用陈述句语序，句末用句号。如：
He said,“Can you swim,John?”
→He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework,haven't you?” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
（2）直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序），句末用句号。如：
She asked me,“When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
3.直接引语是祈使句。
（1）直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell/ask/order/beg somebody（not）to do something”句型，即把直接引语变成不定式，作宾语补足语。否定祈使句在变为间接引语时需要在不定式前加上not。如：
“Don't make any noise,” she said to the children.
→She told（ordered）the children not to make any noise.
“Bring me a cup of tea,boy,” said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
（2）直接引语如果是以“Let's…”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词短语（或从句）”。如：
He said,“Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film.或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.
4.直接引语是感叹句。
直接引语如果是感叹句，变为间接引语时可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。如：
“What a lovely day it is!” they all shouted.
They all shouted what a lovely day it was.
They all shouted how lovely a day it was.
→ They all shouted that it was a lovely day.
二、“八不变”
在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语表示如下情况，则在变为间接引语时，时态不变。
1.直接引语如果表示不因时间而变化的客观真理、谚语或格言等，变为间接引语时时态不变。如：
The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
Mark said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”
→ Mark said where there is a will,there is a way.
2.直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
He said to me,“I was born in 1973.”
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
3.如果直接引语中含有since，when，while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me,“I have taught English since he came here.”
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
4.在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时这些时态通常不变。如：
He said,“I was watching TV when she came in.”
→He said that he was watching TV when she came in.
5.如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作或所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续，在变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”
→He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
The girl said,“I get up at six every morning.”
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
Mike said,“I'm a boy,not a girl.”
→Mike said that he is a boy,not a girl.
6.如果直接引语中含有情态动词must，need，had better以及情态动词的过去式could，might，should，would，在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词无需改变。如：
The teacher said to me,“You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.”
→The teacher told me that I must（had to）pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said,“I could swim when I was only six.”
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
7.如果主句中谓语动词的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或现在完成时，直接引语在变为间接引时，时态不变。如：
Mother always says,“Harry is a good boy.”
→Mother always says that Harry is a good boy.
8.在wish，would rather及it's time之后，所跟从句中一般过去时并不表示过去时间，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
“I wish I knew the answer,” the student said.
→The student said he wished he knew the answer.
The chairman said to us,“It's time we started the meeting.”
→The chairman told us that it was time we started the meeting.