过去分词作状语用法透视，本文主要内容关键词为：分词论文,透视论文,作状语论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
过去分词（短语）作状语是非谓语动词的一个重要用法，也是高考考查的一个热点。掌握其用法可从以下几个方面入手：
一、掌握过去分词作状语时与句子主语的关系
1.过去分词作状语时，与句子主语（即过去分词的逻辑主语）存在被动的关系，有时还表示动作已经完成。例如：
Seen from the top of the hill，the train looks like a snake.（表示被动，分词动作与句子谓语动作同时发生）
从这座山上看来，火车就像一条蛇。
Told many times，he hasn’t remembered it.（表示被动，分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生）
已经被多次告知，他还是未能记住这事。
【考例】①（2003北京）________time，he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A.Having givenB.To give
C.Giving D.Given
②（2000上海）________in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being foundedB.It was founded
C.Founded D.Founding
2.某些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构，有些甚至具有形容词的特征，因此，虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的主动关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语。这类过去分词（短语）常见的主要有：caught in，devoted to（忠实于；热爱），disappointed at，determined to.dressed in，exhausted（疲惫不堪），hidden，lost in（沉湎于），prepared for，seated，tired of（厌倦）等。例如：
Caught in the heavy rain，Jennifer didn’t arrive on time.
遭遇大雨，詹妮弗没有按时到达。
Disappointed at the examination results，the top student sat there in stony silence.
对考试结果很失望.那位尖子生一言不发地坐在那儿。
Entirely devoted to the Party，the young soldier gave his life for his country.
对党无限忠诚，这位年轻的士兵为祖国献出了生命。
【考例】③（NMET1996）________in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.LosingB.Having lost
C.Lost D.To lose
二、掌握过去分词作状语在句中的位置
过去分词作状语多位于句首，也可以位于句尾，间或也可位于句中（主语后面），均需用逗号与句子主干分隔开。例如：
Followed by his assistants，the professor walked out of the hall.
The professor walked out of the hall，followed by his assistants.
The professor，followed by his assistants，walked out of the hall.
【考例】④（2003北京春）Mr.smith，________of the________speech，started to read a novel.
A.tired；boringB.tiring；bored
C.tired；bored D.tiring；boring
⑤（2004上海春）After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，________.
A.exhausting
B.exhausted
C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
三、掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句之间的转换
过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等。因此，有时可以在作状语的过去分词前视其所表示的情况添加连词when，while，if,once，though，unless，as if,even if等，这种“连词+过去分词”作状语可看作在连词与过去分词之间省略了与句子主语相同的主语及be动词。例如：
If（I am）given another chance，I will do it much better.要是再得到一次机会，我会把它做得更好。
When（the museum is）completed，the museum will be open to the public next year.博物馆一竣工，就会在来年对公众开放。
Even if（I were）invited to the party，I wonldn’t go.即使受邀去参加聚会，我也不会去。
【考例】⑥（NMET2002）The research is so designed that once________nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins
B.having begun
C.beginningD.begun
⑦（上海1998）If________the same treatment again，he is sure to get well.
A.givingB.give
C.given D.being given
⑧（2003上海春）Unless________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invitedB.inviting
C.being invited D.having invited.
⑨（2004湖北）________with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A.Compare B.When comparing
C.ComparingD.When compared
四、过去分词作状语时，若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则须在过去分词前加上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，逻辑主语与过去分词之间存在被动关系。例如：
Her homework finished，Jessica went out for a walk.作业做完后，杰西卡出去散步了。
The question settled，the meeting ended.问题得到解决，会议就结束了。
注意：有时“逻辑主语+过去分词”独立主格结构可由with引出。以上两句也可改为：
With her homework finished，Jessica went out for a walk.
With the question settled，the meeting ended.
【考例】⑩（MET1992）The murderer was brought in with his hands________behind his back.
A.being tiredB.having tied
C.to be tied D.tied
考例答案：1—5 D C C A B
6—10 D C A D D