Should Doing Good Deeds Be Part Of the Social Credit System?
The National Health Commission (NHC) recently issued a document calling for the incorporation of voluntary blood donation into the social credit system and the establishment of an incentive mechanism that provides donors with preferential treatment when using communal facilities or visiting state-owned toll parks. It's hoped that this practice will encourage more people to donate blood, but for those who do not donate, their personal credit scores will not be affected in any way.
According to statistics released by the NHC, in 2018, blood collection in China reached 25 million units, with more than 15 million donations. Generally, a unit of blood is equivalent to 200 milliliters. However, mainly due to unfounded health concerns, a lot of people are still unwilling to donate, leading to blood shortage in many hospitals. The social credit system is thus expected to serve as an incentive to promote this act of charity.
Some believe the measure will indeed encourage more people to give blood to save the lives of others, while others argue that it's going too far by linking blood donation to the social credit system, which was originally designed to help financial institutions' risk control.
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Perks are good
Currently, an increasingly developed social credit system is being used in more and more areas. More acts that have nothing to do with credit are being connected to the system, which is distorting its original function.
To encourage the public to donate, apart from awareness promotion activities, more effective incentives need to be found like giving priority access to donors or their families when they need blood.
国内外对山洪灾害防治主要采取工程措施进行治理、实施移民搬迁避开山洪威胁和利用非工程措施防御山洪灾害等措施。
Social fairness is very important, but offering some perks to those who provide extra services or benefi ts to society is also necessary, especially since most blood donors don't do it for potential gains or privileges. Although the volume of blood collected and the number of blood donors keep rising in China every year, blood shortages are still severe. When more and more people are encouraged to donate blood through various incentives, we can see more patients saved.
The social credit system is based on citizens' and organizations' economic and social reputation, not on moral standards or the willingness to contribute to the public good. There are actually clear distinctions. Early this year, when asked if individual records of water and electricity bills would be incorporated into the social credit system, the PBC said no. Since bills related to these utilities are not being used as reference for citizens' credit, why should blood donation be incorporated?
Zhang Haiying (Workers' Daily): The proposed incorporation is an effective incentive mechanism. Actually, many places have already given blood donors access to preferential treatment in life, such as Weihai in the eastern province of Shandong. Blood donors win bonus points which, in turn, will get them preferential treatment in some medical and fi nancial services, among other things.
可再生能源供电下射频单元的基带功能分割和功率控制……………………………………王刘猛，周盛 24-5-12
The NHC's proposal aims to push more places to link blood donation to the social credit system. This will not only help stabilize blood supplies, but also boost the sense of altruism and personal credit among the public.
也许，正如人们所说，决定我们每个人命运的不是机遇，而是选择。因为你未来的人生之路，就在你的每一次选择中。但抉择之后，我们要做的就是坚持，就像俞敏洪3次考北大，用13年时间坚持做“新东方”一样，坚持做下去便能做出成绩，“熬”出一个伟大的人生。
该系统不足之处在于没有涉及电子书的多种格式，对于电子书市场格式多样化的局面未进行充分考虑，在后期的设计开发中，应加强对多种电子书格式的兼容性，并且应根据读者在正常阅读纸质书籍的行为习惯，尽量提高用户体验，保持与阅读纸质书体验一致。下一步工作就是要结合实际情况改善不足，完善系统功能。
Of course, the call is only part of overall efforts to help China's blood banks. Other measures must follow, such as a more transparent blood collection system. Only when favorable policies and supporting systems are in place can we expect to see more blood donors across the country.
Not a dumping ground
Li Pengguo (news.163.com): To incorporate blood donation into the social credit system is a good idea, but it may prove impractical. The system is a result of the market economy. It serves to facilitate economic activities, which explains why the governing body for social credit data is the People's Bank of China (PBC). It records loan defaults and illegal economic acts, and punitive measures are limited to economic means such as restrictions on financing activities and high consumption.
To link blood donation, a social issue, to the social credit system is blurring distinctions. Even if the system is allowed to extend from economic to social life arenas, it is about people's integrity and honesty. Is blood donation necessarily linked to them? Does that mean that those who do not voluntarily donate blood should be labeled dishonest?
Blood donation will win donors bonus points, while those who do not donate will not have their personal credit scores adversely affected. But when others are given extra benefits for donating blood, but you are not entitled to the same good things, it's actually punishment in a new form. Suppose someone has low credit, but suddenly is rewarded and seen as a reliable and honest person thanks to blood donation. Is that reasonable?
Xiong Zhi (guancha.gmw.cn): In any event, it's improper to incorporate blood donation into the social credit system just because it is a good deed.
A sound social credit system helps the government and fi nancial institutions make comprehensive assessments of individuals and organizations. The operation of the system is based on a series of reward and punishment mechanisms, thus helping enhance the integrity and credibility of the whole society.
为了成为政府提供社会福利服务的主要专业力量以及消除弗兰克斯纳(Abraham Flexner)对其非专业评价的影响，社会工作沿着里士满的个人主义价值路径，更加强调运用精神病学和心理治理方法关注个人治疗和改变，越来越多地从事个案服务活动，开始走向过度专业化而不认同志愿服务[7]。由此出现了注重个人治疗的医学实践模式与社会工作专业价值理念之间的冲突，以及社会工作者与志愿者之间平等关系的断裂。随着全球化下社会福利服务多元模式的发展，社会工作开始反思仅关注个人治疗的医学模式的局限，重新强调个人与社会关系，通过重建与志愿服务间的平等合作关系优化整合资源，为服务对象提供本土化的专业服务。
However, it is not supposed to be used everywhere. Blood donation is an act of charity that should be encouraged, but it is not necessarily linked to donors' credit. A blood donor may default on loans while a nondonor may not.
It's more than reasonable to make blood donors feel they have been rewarded for their good deeds. This is what the NHC's proposal aims to deliver.
Hao Dongmei (Shandong Business Daily):
The NHC's proposal seems to have triggered debates because blood donors will be able to enjoy preferential treatment in many areas if it is adopted. Some argue that blood donors deserve extra respect, but there should be no privileged groups in a fair society.
The social credit system is something to assess individuals' and organizations' credit, not their kindheartedness. To throw everything into the “basket” of the social credit system refl ects the inaction and laziness of health authorities.
Liu Yuan ju (The Economic Observer): The social credit system, which was originally established to help financial institutions, has expanded in recent years. Information recorded in the credit system will incur rewards or punishments for citizens in terms of public services and thus the system is extending into more areas.
China is a modern country ruled according to law, which means that moral standards will not affect citizens' rights to public services. To some extent, by incorporating blood donation into the social credit system, health authorities are partly transferring their responsibility to other departments.
PET/CT采用美国GE公司生产的Discovery-16CT和minitrace回旋加速器，18F-FDG由Tracerlab FXFN合成器完成，FDG的放化纯度＞95%。所有病人在检查前禁止吸烟、饮酒及咖啡，并禁止输注含葡萄糖的药物，禁食4-6h，空腹血糖控制在5.1-10.0mmol/L。经患者腕部或者肘部静脉注射18F-FDG，休息1个小时后进行PET/CT成像。根据结节大小及结节形态分为：A型结节 （结节直径＜1cm），B 型结节（结节直径 1cm≤直径＜2cm），C型结节（结节直径2cm≤直径＜3cm）。
在曲的文化定位方面，朱权、贾仲明也均承袭元人理念。贾仲明尊称元代作家为“前辈诸贤大夫名公士”[13](P98)，朱权则称之为“元之老儒”[11](P11)，反映出他们接续了元代文人曲家的自我身份认同倾向。此外，朱权还更多强调“杂剧者，太平之胜事”[11](P43)，是“太平之盛，人心之和”被“诸贤形诸乐府”的文学呈现[11](P11)，明显承接了元人杂剧风教一脉的文化认同构筑。并在列举“知音善歌者，三十六人”时，明确标注“娼夫不取”[11](P45)，完全继承了元人对良家子弟与倡优乐工的身份分野。
纵观中国的水利方面的发展历程，尽管现在中国在该方面已经取得了突破性的进展，但是并没有一套系统的管理办法，特别是针对那些零散的中小型水利工程，管理方面的漏洞就愈加明显。比如在82年的大坝项目，建成之后就问题不断，尽管是进行了多方面的参考和规划设想，也投入了不菲的建设资本，但是并没有达到预期的目的和效应。其间除了参与建设各方的责任之外，领导的不够重视，政府督导不利、质量评估失误等也是重要的原因。由此可见，中小型的水利工程的管理和质量控制措施不可小觑，创建系统的管理体系，对于强化工程建设效率和提高工程建设质量具有很重要的意义。
Health authorities still have a lot to do within their ranks to motivate people to donate blood. A growing number of people are migrating across the country. Out-of-towners are often unable to get blood transfusions with their blood donation certifi cates issued by the health authorities of their place of residence. Moreover, even blood donors have to pay for blood when they need it.
Because the treatment of blood costs money, the misunderstanding arises that hospitals are selling the blood that people donate. This allegation has discouraged many potential donors. Are there other ways to cover the cost of blood treatment? Beyond the social credit system, there are a lot of possible incentives. Health authorities should do more than focus on this system.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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