摘要：水工建筑地基渗水问题对整体水工程的运行安全造成严重影响，导致其寿命缩短。采取帷幕灌浆技术对此类问题进行解决，取得了非常显著效果。本文对该技术的应用流程和要点进行分析，供同行借鉴参考。
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关键词：水工建筑；帷幕灌浆技术；应用
Study on the Application of Curtain Grout Technology in Hydraulic Construction
【Summary】The problem of water seepage in the foundation of hydraulic construction has a serious impact on the safety of the overall water engineering，resulting in the shortening of its life.The technique of curtain grouting is adopted to solve this kind of problem，and it has achieved very remarkable results.This paper analyzes the application process and key points of the technology for peer reference.
[Keywords]Hydro building；Curtain grouting technology；application
一、Importance of basic grouting technology in hydraulic construction
China accounts for one fifth of the world's population，while the area under cultivation is only 7 per cent of the world's total，leading to serious problems in various types of agricultural production outlets.Moreover，the increasing water resources in China make water Conservancy projects particularly important for agriculture，especially for irrigation purposes.This is a prerequisite for ensuring a good harvest.The grouting technology is very important in the construction of water Conservancy foundation.The grouting technology is not only used in foundation treatment，but also used in engineering reinforcement.In addition，the use of dam seepage prevention is also very extensive.In the construction of water Conservancy projects，grouting technology is indispensable.Because of the particularity of water Conservancy projects，it is necessary to carry out strict construction.Only in this way can the hydraulic buildings meet the due standards.In addition，hydraulic construction has broad development prospects in our country，but it is worth our attention that there are fewer and fewer terrains that can be used to build hydraulic buildings in our country.Therefore，while widely using grouting construction technology，we must speed up the improvement of grouting technology.Construction means.To sum up，the basic grouting construction technology of hydraulic construction must have projects.At present，this technology is a very important issue in water Conservancy projects.
二、The Application Flow of Curtain Grout Technology in Hydraulic Construction
（一）Measurement and perforation
Before the curtain grouting，it is necessary to do the corresponding preparatory work.The first thing is to complete the measurement and perforation.Firstly，according to the architectural design requirements，the position of the borehole is measured to ensure the accuracy of the borehole position.The whole station instrument is used to complete the measurement and the grouting axis is used as the measurement object.When there is a turning point problem or the elevation difference is too large in the measurement process，the control point must be added on the current basis.In addition to the measurement，the relevant data should be repeatedly checked，and errors and errors in the data should be discovered in a timely manner.Based on the verified data，the parameters of grouting hole and orifice elevation are accurately laid out.Secondly，after determining the relevant parameters such as the location and sequence，depth，and aperture of the borehole，the construction work of the borehole is started.First，ensure the level of drilling site and rig installation，complete the test drilling and correlation coefficient adjustment，and then complete the construction of the hole.
（二）Drilling and water pressing test
After the completion of the construction process，the drilling process will be rinsed.The water pressure is controlled within 80 % of the grouting pressure by the high pressure water of the catheter，and the debris and dregs in the borehole are cleaned by washing from the bottom to the top.After the backwater is no longer turbid，continue to perform high-pressure flushing to ensure that the overall time is more than half an hour.Comprehensive total punch time should be ensured to be more than two hours.The standard for the completion of the washing shall be based on the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole，and shall be stopped after the corresponding standards have been met.Afterwards，a pressurized water test was conducted.The pressure water test also needs to control the hydraulic pressure so that it is within 80 % of the grouting pressure，and it is better to control it within 1 MPa.The pressure water test can be carried out by single point method，which is the final preparation for the grouting work.
（三）Sewing and sealing
The cement is used as the slurry material in the grouting construction，and the conventional Portland cement is selected.The automatic mixer is used to complete the cement preparation work.In the process of mixing and preparation，it is necessary to ensure that the production capacity of the blender can be harmonized with the requirements of grouting construction，so as to achieve the best construction effect and ensure the quality of grouting construction.At the same time，the time of mud preparation and grouting construction should be controlled to ensure that it is within four hours in order to ensure the best performance of mud.The construction of curtain grouting is carried out in the order from bottom to top，and the pressure and time of grouting are controlled by segmented grouting.If the top-down perfusion method is chosen，it should be increased by half an hour to one hour accordingly on the basis of the aforementioned method.After the grouting is completed，the sealing operation is completed by using one of the two types of displacement and pressure grouting.
（四）Quality inspection
After the grouting construction is completed，it is necessary to check and judge the construction effect to ensure the construction quality of the curtain grouting.The quality inspection mainly includes several aspects，that is，the quality of foundation rock grouting and the quality of dam body are effectively inspected.In the quality inspection of bedrock grouting，the results of the pore pressure water test are used as reference.The quality inspection of dam body should be based on the water injection test.If the water seepage coefficient of the test does not exceed the prescribed scope，the dam body quality meets the quality requirements.In addition，the quality inspection of grouting holes should also be carried out to check whether they are located in the center of the curtain.The grouting hole of 10 % of the total hole number was checked by means of the method of spot check，using the method of segmental clamping from top to bottom，and the test of pressing water.If there is no problem of abnormal quality，the completion and acceptance of the project will be carried out；If quality problems are found，effective solutions are adopted in a timely manner.
三、Main points of application of curtain grouting technology in hydraulic building
（一）Strict compliance with relevant national technical regulations and requirements
In order to achieve the best construction effect and ensure the good impermeability of the foundation of hydraulic construction，it is necessary to ensure that the curtain grouting technology is applied in strict compliance with the relevant national technical regulations and requirements.Because the main application of curtain grouting technology is to prevent leakage by drilling the dam foundation rock mass of water and soil construction，it is necessary to ensure that the design and construction process give full consideration to the issue of waterproofing.In the pre-geological survey，the landfill problem of the barrier layer should be properly dealt with.If the landfill is not deep，insert the curtain into the barrier layer；If the landfill is in deeper water，a hanging curtain can be used for grouting construction.With the depth of water as the reference for the design and construction，we should also take into full consideration the material，water seepage，dam height and other issues，to ensure that it complies with the relevant national technical standards.
（二）Ensure quality of construction of each link in a reasonable order
Curtain grouting construction has many processes，it is necessary to ensure that the construction process is carried out in a strict and reasonable order，and to ensure the progress and quality of each construction link.First of all，do a good job in the curtain sorting work，first on both sides and back to the middle，and the pressure on both sides can be slightly smaller，and the middle curtain should be reinforced；Secondly，in the perfusion construction，pay attention to the problem of the pore sequence of the grouting hole.According to the principle of sparse，dense，and intermediate interpolation，the sequential treatment is carried out first.Usually，it is better to use three orders，and then complete the construction in sequence；Finally，in the construction of curtain grouting，the seepage characteristics of dam foundation should be monitored to judge the different seepage properties of different regions.Firstly，the seeping area is grouted，and the other areas are poured according to the need，so as to achieve the best anti-seepage effect.
四、Analysis of Common Problems in Curtain Grout Construction
（一）Treatment of grouting disruption problem
In the application of curtain grouting technology，due to accidents or improper operation，the grouting interruption problem is often caused.Such as sudden power outage，motor failure or slurry blockage，so that the grouting can not be carried out normally，resulting in mud outflow and the quality of the injection is damaged.To this end，before construction，a comprehensive analysis of the possible causes of grouting disruption should be carried out，and comprehensive preventive measures should be taken.First，prepare the power supply，carry out a comprehensive quality inspection of the relevant machinery and equipment，and ensure that there is no quality problem in the perfusion pipe，and there is no problem of weak connection and blockage.Secondly，we should check and test the grouting pump in advance to ensure that it can run normally and meet the requirements of grouting construction.In addition，after the grouting construction should be carried out equipment maintenance work，cleaning grouting pumps and grouting valves，etc.，to complete idle maintenance.
（二）Treatment of the problem of grouting
The problem of the slurry flowing out of other boreholes or from underground fissures in grouting construction is commonly referred to as the grouting problem.The reason for the problem of serration is analyzed.Generally，there are too many crevices in the rock layer between the grouting holes.When the slurry is poured in，the crevices are connected，causing the slurry flow to be strung to other areas.In order to solve the problem of grouting effectively，the following two countermeasures should be taken.Firstly，multiple grouting pumps can be used to inject slurry into the grouting hole and the grouting hole at the same time，so as to avoid the grouting string；Secondly，the grouting plug is installed at the grouting site，and the grouting area is blocked，which effectively inhibits the loss of slurry and grouting.
（三）Treatment of the problem of leaking slurry
The problem of slurry leakage，that is，due to the large gap in the grouting area，or the grouting pressure did not press in accordance with the relevant regulations and actual requirements，resulting in leakage of slurry.The problem should be dealt with according to different reasons.To solve the problem of excessive grouting pressure，low pressure grouting or self-flowing grouting can be used to eliminate excessive pressure and avoid the exposed slurry.After that，the grouting pressure was gradually increased when the slurry was filled.At the same time，the slurry concentration can be increased and the grouting speed can be controlled.If the amount of grouting is significantly reduced，the grouting pressure can be adjusted to the normal level.In addition，a certain amount of sand can be added to the slurry to control the liquidity of the slurry and avoid its leakage.Finally，intermittent grouting can also be used to wait for the slurry to condense slightly for grouting，which can effectively avoid the emergence of leak grouting problems.
五、Conclusion
Curtain grouting technology is an important technical means in the construction of hydraulic construction.Its good impermeability to dam foundation can effectively relieve or even avoid leakage of dam foundation，greatly improve the quality of hydraulic construction，and ensure the safety of hydraulic engineering.In the concrete application，we should pay attention to the rationality and orderliness of the construction process，and ensure that each link is in place.At the same time，according to the relevant technical standards of the country，to ensure the quality of construction of various processes，and to effectively prevent and solve common problems.Only in this way can we give full play to the technical advantages of curtain grouting and provide an important guarantee for the quality of hydraulic construction and the operation effect of hydraulic engineering.
References
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论文作者:杨北胜,朱李春,陈利雄,令凡,冯震华（通讯作者）
论文发表刊物:《建筑学研究前沿》2018年第12期
论文发表时间:2018/9/25
标签：水工论文; 帷幕论文; 南海论文; 技术论文; 建筑论文; 水产论文; 实验站论文; 《建筑学研究前沿》2018年第12期论文;