Offering a Different Choice
Sino-Russian ties contribute non-Western solutions to regional and global issues By Li Xing
The author is a professor with Beijing Normal University
重视文本的选取 教材中的一些课文情节生动、人物性格鲜明、对话语言形象，预留了较大的想像创意空间，有利于儿童表演，很适合编排课本剧。我们还把表演内容拓宽到课文之外的成语故事和一些优秀的儿童文学作品。为了充实课本剧内容，形成科学的校本课程体系，学校要求语文教师根据年级特点选择不同的主题进行创编，每年都筛选一批优秀课本剧剧本汇集成册，形成富有学校特色的校本教材，将学生写的优秀演后感、观后感、编后感汇集成《垛上花开》，校刊定期出版。
During his June visit to Russia, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin upgraded China-Russia ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, with the two sides aligning their development strategies, expanding mutually beneficial cooperation in economy and trade, and giving priority to political, security and people-to-people exchanges, as well as international coordination and cooperation.
The two states also issued a joint statement on strengthening contemporary global strategic stability, showing their united stance on safeguarding multilateralism and a peaceful global order.
Milestones in Bilateral Ties
· China and Russia agreed to upgrade their relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era on June 5 during Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Russia. The two governments agreed to take bilateral ties to a higher level and better benefit the peoples of the two countries and the world as well;
Both being permanent members of the UN Security Council and major nuclear powers, China and Russia shoulder special responsibility in international security and development. They jointly oppose the United States’ unilateral withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty,the arms control treaty signed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in 1987, and the U.S. pursuit of space militarization and surveillance of other countries. They have also objected to U.S. power politics and sanctions and intervention in other countries.
· A joint statement on deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination and advocating win-win cooperation was signed on May 8, 2015, as well as a joint statement on cooperation to align the Silk Road Economic Belt, the overland component of the Belt and Road Initiative,with the Eurasian Economic Union ;
· A joint statement on a new stage of the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination signed on May 20, 2014 has led to energy cooperation;
China and Russia have made progress in policy coordination, infrastructure connection, trade facilitation, financial integration and people-to-people connections as well as industry production. Capacity cooperation is a driver of the bilateral ties, especially in economic relations, advancing cooperation in energy, transportation infrastructure, technology and exploration of the Arctic.
China and Russia have also opposed double standard on combating terrorism.Some countries tend to acknowledge as terrorist forces only those threatening the U.S.and its allies. At times, they have factored geopolitical calculations into the war against terrorism for their own gain.
A transition
从已有文献来看，学者们多从结构学派出发对纷繁复杂的内创类型及主体按照一定的原则进行合理归并，并且视角大多落在组织层面的内创业。Burgelman(1983)从内创业产生来源的角度，把内创业活动分为引致性内创业和自发性内创业。Covin & Miles(1999)强调公司内创业在创新或者再造方面实际结果不同，并把内创业分为持续创新、组织再造、战略更新和领域重构四种类型。Antoncic & Hisrich (2003)把内创业的具体类型细分为以下几种：(1)建立自主或半自主的新企业；(2)在现有市场和产品的基础上开拓新业务；(3)产品和服务的创新；(4)生产工艺方面的创新。
1.增加中央政府的财政转移支付，优化现行财税体制。地方政府财税收入是增强区域基本公共服务供给能力的基础。加大财政投入和公共财政转移支付力度，加大对偏远贫困地区的财政支持力度，改革对应的财政制度，建立合理的公共物品成本分摊机制，形成健全的公共财政制度。除了增加中央政府的财政转移支付以外，更重要的是要优化现行财税体制，合理划分中央政府与地方政府在教育、医疗、卫生、社会保障等基本公共服务领域供给的支付比例，提高中央政府在相对落后地区的支出比重。合理开征有利于经济社会可持续发展的新税种，如房产税，作为地方政府的税收收入来源。
The relationship is guided by several principles such as mutual assistance and respect, good neighborliness and friendship,mutual support and accommodation, and cooperation and win-win solution. It is also non-aligned and non-confrontational.
In May 2015, China and Russia agreed to synergize their respective development initiatives, the Silk Road Economic Belt, the overland prong of the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by Xi in 2013, and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) for greater connectivity. In 2018, China and the EAEU signed an agreement to facilitate trade and economic cooperation, the first institutionalized arrangement between the two, providing an institutional guarantee for later cooperation. China will promote negotiations on the Eurasian economic partnership agreement with Russia.
China and Russia cooperate closely in regional and global governance, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, and both are members of regional groupings like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS. Both are members of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and BRICS’s New Development Bank. A model of goodneighborliness, the China-Russia relationship is also a model of common development for other BRICS countries.
一是加快贫困村集体经济发展。大力推进资源开发型、资产盘活型、产业带动型等村级集体经济发展模式，鼓励将符合条件的财政支农资金形成的资产优先折股量化给贫困村集体，确保2018年底贫困村集体经济年收入达到3万元以上。
In addition, Putin attended both the first and second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in 2017 and this year, Xi attended the Eastern Economic Forum hosted by Russia in 2018 and the annual St. Petersburg International Economic Forum during his June visit, indicating the interest of the two leaders in developing multinational partnerships.
The Belt and Road Initiative and the Greater Eurasian Partnership, Putin’s proposal for a common free trade area extending from the Ural Mountains in Russia to Portugal, could also supplement each other. In addition, China and Russia could jointly promote the Polar Silk Road that will develop shipping routes in the Arctic. Such cooperation will not only facilitate Sino-Russian cooperation but also stimulate world economic growth.
In conclusion,KTC had no obvious estrogenicity on uteri in ovariectomized rats.However,KTC promoted uterine differentiation in immature rabbits,and demonstrating weak progestogen activity.
The Yamal liquefied natural gas (LNG)project in Russia, a joint venture between China, Russia, the United States and some European countries, is an example of capacity cooperation. China is a major buyer of LNG produced from the project. Russia’s locational advantages, ice-breaking technology and experience combined with China’s investment and market potential have produced win-win results.
Representatives from the Iranian nuclear deal’s remaining signatories including China and Russia attend a meeting of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Joint Commission in Vienna,Austria, on June 28
Strategic cooperation
China and Russia have also worked closely on global and regional strategic issues, sharing the same or similar stance. They have coordinated on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, the Iran nuclear issue and other issues concerning regional and global peace and stability.
Sino-Russian relations have evolved from the Soviet Union era to the present times. China and the Soviet Union forged alliances in the 1950s and 1960s. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, China and Russia established strategic cooperation and partnership in 1996. From then on, the bilateral ties have further strengthened. In 2018, the Sino-Russian trade volume surpassed $100 billion.Bilateral strategic projects with an investment of $120 billion are underway.
· A joint statement on deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership signed on July 4, 2017 promotes deeper political mutual trust, security cooperation, people-to-people exchanges and international coordination;
· A joint statement on win-win cooperation and deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination issued on March 22, 2013 saw China and Russia agree to support each other’s right to choose the path of development and social and political systems they favor as well as on issues of core interests such as sovereignty and territorial integrity.
On some regional and global hot issues,China and Russia have remained committed to their position in the face of Western aggression and dominance. They both concur that the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue should be solved in stages with the efforts of both the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the U.S. and object to the U.S. approach of trying to force Pyongyang to make unilateral concessions. On the Palestine-Israel issue, they both oppose the U.S. bias toward Israel and advocate international justice and fairness.
提升药事管理水平，进一步创新药学服务的模式。以“互联网+服务”的新思维，构建药学服务的新方式，要逐步树立“以患者为中心”的发展理念，利用互联网技术促进转型升级，适应新时代的发展，使药学服务更加智能化，以解决执业药师配备政策和实际使用上存在的问题，以解决短期内配备率达不到200%以上的难题，弥补一个药店一个执业药师，执业药师不能生病不能休息的尴尬。运用互联网、手机APP、人工智能机器人等信息化技术手段实现药学服务智能化，作为执业药师的执业补充。对目前药品零售连锁企业门店遇到的执业药师休息生病，总部执业药师如何替代进行药学服务的问题，也可以迎刃而解。
The two countries jointly oppose hegemony, unilateralism and protectionism, and oppose interference in other countries’ internal affairs and long-armed jurisdiction. They advocate following international law and adhering to the basic norms of international relations with the UN at the core. They also advocate striking a balance between justice and one’s own interests and upholding one’s own f ine traditions while respecting others’,and disagree with the clash of civilizations theory and unilateral economic sanctions.They oppose the single development model and advocate various development roads.
水击中流扬帆进，乘风破浪正当时。今天，云南民营经济已成为云南省拉动投资增长的主要动力、创业就业的主力军、财政收入的重要来源、促进对外贸易的主要力量、繁荣市场的主体力量。东风已至，在改革开放的伟大历史进程中，云南民营经济将继续演绎“春天的故事”。
China has put forward the ideas of peaceful development, building a harmonious world, shaping a new type of international relations and building a community with a shared future for humanity. Russia proposed the Greater Eurasian Partnership, which seeks pan-regional economic cooperation in the context of the new economic situation.
China and Russia have proposed their solutions to many major international issues.For example, they have stood against the U.S. action in pulling out of the Paris climate agreement and the Iran nuclear agreement.They have become the most internationally representative countries in the non-Western world and a force supporting world peace,stability and security.
In today’s new era, when the world faces changes unseen in a century, Sino-Russian ties have forged a partnership without allying against a third country. They have resolved the Heixiazi Island issue, the island that they share, reaching an understanding on border delineation in 2008 in the spirit of accommodation. They have cooperated in diplomacy to contribute their wisdom and put forward their own solutions to regional and global governance issues, offering a different choice to the world.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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