例谈高中英语成组单项选择题的编拟方法，本文主要内容关键词为：单项论文,选择题论文,高中英语论文,方法论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
单项选择题是高考英语重要题型之一，该类题型知识覆盖面广，用于考查学生对语法、词汇知识的综合运用能力。随着新课程改革的不断深入，高考英语也在稳中求变。单项选择题更加注重考查语言能力，不仅在句子结构层面上而且在句子意义层面上的设计都越来越巧妙。或插入干扰成分，增长句子；或省略部分信息，缩短句子；或利用思维定势，设置陷阱。在平时教学中，练习相互孤立的小题常常会牵着学生的思维在毫无关系的题目之间肤浅地游移。采用以下方法编出的成组小题，围绕互相关联的内容，让学生的理解逐层加深，或对难题层层剥离，或对词句强化记忆。这样的组题能引发学生深入思考，形成更加系统的知识，更好地培养学生解决问题的能力。按照组题的特点，分以下几种编写方式，并以实例说明。
一、并列式
将考查同一知识点或相似句型的题目组合在一起，让学生在类比中找出规律，拓宽视野。例如：
①—Hey，look where you are going!
—Oh，I'm terribly sorry.______.
A.I'm not noticing B.I wash't noticing
C.I haven't noticedD.I don't notice
②—Be careful.Don't throw your cigarette end out of the window.If you do that you may start a fire.
—Sorry，______.
A.I'm not thinking B.I wasn't thinking
C.I haven't thoughtD.I didn't think
③I don't think Jim saw me；he______into space.
A.just staredB.was just staring
C.has just staredD.had just stared
④—Is there anything wrong，Bob? You looked sad.
—Oh，nothing much.In fact，I______my friends back home.
A.have just thought of
B.Was just thinking of
C.would just think of
D.will just be thinking of
【解析】答案均选B。该组题考查过去进行时的一个用法：过去某时正在做某事。在这四个小题中分别表达的意思是“刚才我没注意”“刚才我没考虑”“当时／那时他正凝望着远处”“我刚才正在想念家乡的朋友”。四小题均描述过去某时／时段进行的动作或状态。通过该组题的练习，学生掌握英语可以不使用具体时间词汇而直接使用动词的曲折形式来表达时间背景。这一特点也是英汉两种语言的一大区别。学生应该明确英语动词的曲折变化是学习的一个主要目标。另外，从四个选项对比中知道：进行时是描述性语言，形象地描述一个场景；一般过去时是陈述性语言，陈述过去某时／时段的事实；现在完成时则强调对现在的影响。
二、对比式
搜集近似题目或改变原题中的某些关键词，答案将完全不同，此种组题方式能培养学生细心观察、缜密思考的能力。
例1.
①Is this the factory______you worked three years ago?
②Is this the factory______you worked in three years ago?
③Is this factory______you worked in three years ago?
A.that
B.where
C.in thatD.the one
【解析】答案分别是B、A、D。该组题考查定语从句的关系代词。第①题中worked为不及物动词，用where作状语。第②题用that作介词in的宾语。第③题主句不完整，先添加表语the one，关系代词that作介词in的宾语，可以省略。
例2.
①______time went on，the truth came to light.
②______time going on，the truth came to light.
A.WhenB.With
C.By D.As
【解析】答案分别为D、B。两小题的不同点是：第①题前半部分是个句子，用as引导一个状语从句；第②题用了go的非谓语形式，是“with+宾语+宾补”结构。
例3.
①All metals are conductors，and silver______the best.
②All metals are conductors，silver______the best.
A.isB.to beC.beenD.being
【解析】第①题的and并列两个句子，选择谓语形式is；第②题逗号后没有连词，不是句子，选非谓语形式being。
三、渐进式
这类题组不断加大难度，深入相关考点，让学生学会灵活运用，在万变中找规律。
例1.
①Robert is said______abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.
②Robert is said______abroad，but I don't know what country he is going to study in.
③Robert is said______abroad，but I don't know what country he is studying in.
A.to have studiedB.to study
C.to be studying D.to have been studying
【解析】本组题考查句型sb is said to do中不定式三种形式表示的时间意义。第①题从studied判断发生在过去，用to have done；第②题is going to study说明将要发生，用to study；第③题is studying正在学习，用to be studying。答案分别是A、B、C。
例2.
①______is known to everybody that Lu Xun is a famous writer.
②______everybody knows，Lu Xun is afamous writer.
③______is known to everybody，Lu Xun is a famous writer.
④______is known to everybody is that Lu Xun is a famous writer.
A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As
【解析】答案分别为C、D、D、B。第①题用形式主语it代替that从句；第②题as作非限制性定语从句的宾语，指代整个主句Lu Xun is a famous writer；第③题as作定语从句的主语，指代整个主句；第④题中______is known to everybody是主语从句，用what作主语从句的主语。
四、分解式
将含有两个或两个以上考查点的题目逐一分解，各个击破。
例1.
①It's such a good place______everybody wants to visit______it is well known all over the world.
A.which；thatB.as；as
C.as；that
D.that；as
②It's such a good place______it is well known all over the world.
A.thatB.asC.whereD.which
③It's such a good place______everybody wants to visit.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.where
④It's such a good place______everybody wants to visit it.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.where
【解析】第②③题将第①题分解，每题仅考查一个知识点，化繁为简。第④题与第③题对比，以便深入理解。答案分别选C、A、B、C。第②题为such...that...句型；第③题用as引导定语从句，作visit的宾语；第④题解释了第①题第一空的疑难，visit有宾语it，是such...that...句型。
例2.
①He suggested the problem worth paying attention______at the meeting.
A.to be discussedB.being discussed
C.to discuss D.discussing
②He suggested the problem______at the meeting.
A.be discussedB.being discussed
C.to discuss D.discussing
③The problem is worth paying attention______。
A./B.to
【解析】第②③题将第①题分解。第②题suggested后宾语从句用虚拟语气should be discussed，should可以省略，选A；第③题为固定短语pay attention to，选B；因此第①题选A。
五、还原式
将考查点为固定词组、句型结构、复杂句式、疑问句的题目还原为本来面目，让学生剖析题目设计，理解做题方法。
例1.
①The manager discussed the plan they would like to see______the next year.
②They would like to see the plan______the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried outD.to carry out
例2.
①Who would you rather______with you?
②1 would rather______Mary______with me.
A.have；goneB.have；going
C.have；go D.have；to go
例3.
①Whatever trouble Mr White had______with the case，he would stick to his opinion.
②Mr White had great trouble(in)______with the case.
A.deal B.to deal
C.dealtD.dealing
【解析】三个例子分别选C、C；C、C；D、D。例1将复杂的定语从句还原为单句，原句中see的宾语the plan在从句前面。从句中关系代词that/which被省略。第②题使宾语the plan还原在see的后面。例2把疑问句改为陈述句，使have sb do还原。例3将have trouble in doing sth还原。
六、陷阱式
在考查非常熟悉的知识点时，学生经常会不假思索，按思维定势下结论。这类题目训练学生的发散思维，防止粗心大意。
例1.
①We should prevent the river______.
A.from pollutingB.from being polluted
C.to polluteD.polluted
②We should prevent pollution______happily.
A.from livingB.from being lived
C.to liveD.to living
【解析】第①题为短语prevent...from doing，故选B；第②题题意改变，选C作目的状语。
例2.
①His mother did as much as she could______the boy.
A.helpingB.help
C.to helpD.helped
②The girl spent as much time as she could______over the lessons.
A.goingB.go
C.to goD.went
③Carnegie spent almost 20 years______to him giving his wealth away.
A.leaving B.left
C.to leaveD.leave
【解析】第①题选C，用不定式作目的状语；第②题选A，为短语spend time(in)doing sth；第③题根据题意应选B，意思是“剩下的”“余下的”。该句意思是“卡内基花了将近二十年的晚年岁月把自己的财富捐赠出去”。