FromNi Hao toVanakkam
A Chinese radio service presents China to Tamil-speaking communities By Sudeshna Sarkar
Following tips from a tourist guide 15 years ago, Zhao Jiang went to Mahabalipuram, a town, that despite its architectural splendors, golden beach and performing arts, was strictly off the map for Chinese holiday-goers at the time. Then in October, came the news that Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi would have an informal summit at the same seaside resort in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
“I was happy that Tamil Nadu got the chance to host the summit and enjoy the spotlight, and I was proud that what I have learned and am working on has now become well-known,” Zhao, who heads the Tamil language service at China Radio International (CRI), said.
It has been an illuminating journey for Zhao. In the mid-1990s, when she went to study a foreign language at the Communication University of China, she chose her major more on a quirk. “At that time, the university was offering Bangla, Nepali, Swahili and Tamil as foreign languages. I knew Bangla was spoken in Bangladesh, Nepali in Nepal and Swahili in Tanzania. But I had never heard of Tamil and I had no idea where it was spoken. So I signed up for this unheard-of language,” she said.
第三是适当宣泄。教师在学校难免会应为各种问题影响到情绪的表现，所以需要找到适当的宣泄口来释放不良情绪，来进行自我情绪的调节，其中包括阅读陶冶、尽情歌唱、热爱专业、自我开导等多种方式。“阅读能让我快乐起来，只要拿起书本，任何烦心事都能抛之脑后。”[HDW—CJ]“有时候心情不痛快，我就会开车唱歌，大声喊，也是很好的发泄方式。”[HDW—ZQY]“情绪状态不佳的时候，只要进入舞蹈室，有音乐、有舞蹈，就能感觉到快乐的气氛，能让我开朗起来。”[HDW—LMH]“发现自己情绪变化的时候就需要具有一定的‘阿Q精神’，能够自己疏导，自己劝慰自己。”[HDW—WR]
The Great Wall of Tamil
Today, she is an expert in Tamil, the predominant language in Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken in Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia. One of the oldest languages in the world with a history of about 2,100 years, its script is formidable, leading to a noted Indian business tycoon calling it “the Great Wall of Tamil.”
One of her renditions from Thirukkural is a couplet that says education is more important than riches. She likened it to Su Shi’s line Fu you shi shu qi zi hua , meaning a person who has acquired knowledge will appear elegant in whatever he does.
A poster for the Tamil service of China Radio International (CRI) with two of its Internet stars, Liao Liang, known by her Tamil name Poogothai, and He Liyuan, or Nilaani
Zhang Jie, who has a degree in e-commerce, was one of the four interns in 2005. “I wanted to learn Tamil because I wanted to be one of that rare group of people who can speak two of the oldest languages in the world, Chinese and Tamil,” he said. “Our teacher was a fi rst-generation Chinese speaker of Tamil and I learned enough in 14 months to be able to translate from Chinese into Tamil.” Today, the 36-year-old has his own Tamil program on Facebook and is known to his listeners by his Tamil name, Kalaimani, which means a gem of an artist.
The Tamil service was started to introduce China, its culture, economy, technological marvels and the links between the two worlds, not always remembered to the Tamil-speaking world.
“In Quanzhou City in Fujian, southeast China, you can see the ruins of a Shiva temple. There are inscriptions bearing Tamil characters,” Sun said. Shiva, or the destroyer, is one of the three prime Hindu gods and the temple is believed to have been built in 685 during the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
Sun traveled to the Shaolin Temple in Henan Province in central China, famed for its monks’ prowess in Shaolin kungfu, on an assignment. “I saw the statue of Bodhidharma outside the temple,” she said, referring to the Indian prince from southern India who lived during the fifth to sixth century. He became a Buddhist monk and traveled to China, where he is said to have propagated Chan Buddhism, also known as Zen Buddhism in Japan.
“Tamil culture, besides being fascinating, has a long connection with China,” said Sun Qing, one of the 14 Chinese Tamil speakers in the department.
When Chinese navigator Zheng He (1371-1433) set out on his exploratory voyages in the 15th century, he made several stops in southern India, including Mahabalipuram during his third voyage. And much before Zheng, there were trade, diplomatic and cultural exchanges between China and Mahabalipuram, which was a bustling port in the seventh century.
In its five decades of operation, the Tamil service has branched out into FM programs and new media. In the era of social media, its new focus is videos and platforms like Facebook. Along with Sun, Liao Liang and He Liyuan are CRI’s Facebook team of the Tamil service.
A new star
“We wanted to show our Tamil audience how close the dosa is to jianbing , a popular Chinese street food where the pancake is made from a batter of wheat and grain and has a fi lling of eggs and sauces,” she said. “We are connected by food as well.”
When CRI started its Tamil service in 1963, there were very few Chinese people who spoke the language. One of the fi rst members on the staff was from Sri Lanka and the department started teaching the language to interns.
On the occasion of Xi’s visit to Tamil Nadu, the trio did a brace of Facebook live special programs, highlighting the cultural connections through the arts, food and fi lms.
(2)空间误差模型。空间误差模型是指对残差项进行空间滞后回归，反映了随机扰动项的空间依赖性，原因在于响应变量与协变量之间可能并非是线性关系，或者所选协变量有遗漏。该模型可以用于研究相邻区域响应变量的误差冲击对本区域观测值的影响程度，其表达式为：
“Bharatnatyam is a classical Indian dance that comes from Tamil Nadu,” Liao said. “We found a Chinese danseuse living in Beijing who learned the dance in India and is now teaching it to Chinese youngsters with her daughter. She recently invited renowned Indian dancer Leela Samson to Beijing for a workshop and we captured the event to show how close the peopleto-people cultural links are.”
怎么留住客户，提升服务品质？这是自然正家首要考虑的问题。为此，自然正家进行了大量的调研，利用中国古代先贤“天人合一”的理念，结合西方现代清洁文化，重新定义了家庭保洁干净的概念——无尘无水渍是基础，关键要和客户一道让居家环境健康，抑制细菌、霉菌生长，让家具光亮更耐用。清洁后家人更放心，心情愉悦少生病。自然正家把服务全过程定义为：100%的服务＝80%的清洁保养的交付＋20%的清洁理念沟通。这也符合自然正家提出的“正家·家正·少感冒”的品牌口号。
For the food show, He went to Indian Kitchen in Beijing, where with the help of the chef from Tamil Nadu, she poured a batter of ground rice and pulses on a steaming gigantic frying pan in the kitchen to make the Indian delicacy known as dosa , a type of pancake eaten with an assortment of chutneys and a simmering vegetable soup.
He Liyuan, who uses the Tamil name Nilaani, became an Internet star with her musical rendition of kurals —couplets—fromThirukkural , a Tamil classic collection of over 1,300 couplets on ethics and morality that have had an immense influence on Tamil culture. She said she learned how to sing the couplets on the Internet. What gives her performance a special vibe is the Tamil greeting she uses, vanakkam , and the similarity between what the couplets teach and the teachings of revered Chinese philosophers like Confucius and writers like 11th century poet Su Shi.
体育锻炼能高度协调人的社会性与生物性。一方面，体育锻炼改善人的生物状况和机能，奠定适应社会的生物学基础；另一方面，体育活动能弥补和纠正因生物功能或社会功能形成或产生的“ 亚健康”。参加体育运动（特别是集体运动项目），可以增加大学生与同学、老师、教练间的交流，培养自身的团队意识和竞争意识，使大学生学会正确处理人际关系，提高适应社会的能力。
CRI’s Tamil Service journalists do a live show on January 27 from a village in Shaanxi, northwest China, showing how villagers make huamo , a traditional food, to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year
Sun’s project meant a trip to Hengdian in Zhejiang Province of east China, famed for its sprawling film studio. There she presented scenes from Chinese martial arts movies interspersed with visuals from a popular Tamil science fiction action film, Robot.2 that was screened in Chinese theaters in September. And while she hosted the program, to the delight of fans, she was accompanied by a lifesize cutout of Rajnikanth, the Tamil superstar, who plays the scientist in the fi lm that creates a humanoid robot.
The special program culminated in the China Meets India event in Chennai, capital of Tamil Nadu, during Xi’s visit where the CRI team met their Tamil fans and presented them with mementos from China.
亚山捧着商业巨头的自传，寻找一条可以复制的成功路，看完了一本又一本成功秘籍，他的第一桶金还遥遥无期。好在我已找到一份文员的工作，他暂时吃住无忧。但他对我的工作很不屑，似乎已看透了我打工仔生涯的尽头。我劝他先找份工作再说，以后有了机会再转行。面试已过了，办理入职手续时，亚山却找不到身份证。
So what’s next for the Tamil service? “We have just finished the Tamil translation for a special video on the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,” Zhao said. “That’s going to be one of our new programs.”
3）现场物资的精准控制和物资采购的精准预测。在工程项目中标之后，借助信息化手段及时建立本工程项目数据管理平台，将项目的总体进度计划录入到该工程项目数据管理平台中。在工程项目实施中，将物资库存状况，记载物资入场、损耗、退库等详细内容实时录入仓库管理子系统，快捷地统计现场物资状况并反馈到工程项目数据管理平台中。工程管理子系统实时追踪工程项目的进度过程，报告剩余未完成工程和已批复变更；预算管理子系统依据实时更新的物资信息精准预测物资需求。
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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