摘要:在高考写作题中,有些学生认为复杂的长句能够提升文章的语言质量,并能获得更高的分数,所以有意将一个简洁短句拓展为复杂的长句,反而牺牲句子的“力度”和“简洁性”。英语写作中尊崇“言以简洁为贵”。本文主要讲如何使文章避繁冗趋简洁,用最简洁的文字表达最丰富的内容的五个策略。
关键词:写作;繁冗;简洁;策略
高考英语写作要求学生具备较强的语言运用能力,能使用复杂句子结构或高级词汇,所以有些学生认为复杂的长句能够提升文章的语言质量,展现自己的语言把控能力,并能获得更高的分数,所以有意将一个简洁的短句拓展为复杂的长句,一味地追求句子的长度反而牺牲句子的“力度”和“简洁性”。
英语写作一直尊崇“言以简洁为贵”,简洁就是句中无余字,以最少的语言文字表达最多的内容。如“No pains ,no gains”“Easy come ,easy go ”,这些谚语就是很好的说明。同时,高考英语书面表达主要是控制性写作,它不仅对内容、体裁等有限制,对词数也作了明确要求,一般是“100-120词”,词数多或少都要酌情扣分。因此,在英语写作中我们既要考虑内容要点不能丢失,同时还要注意在遣词造句时要惜墨如金,避免繁冗拖沓。所以,我们使用以下五个策略使文章避繁趋简,用最简洁的文字也能表达出最丰富的内容。
策略之一:表达否定意义时,尽量避免使用否定词“no”或者“not”
高考英语书面表达要求学生具备较强的语言运用能力,能使用复杂高级词汇。而在英语中有很多高级词汇也能表达出否定的意思,恰当使用它们既使文章增色不少,也使文章简洁流畅。
例:1. It' isn’t moral to steal other people's ideas.
→ It's immoral to steal other people's ideas.
2. The rumor can’t be believed.
→ The rumor is beyond belief.
3. College students do not have sufficient financial backing
→ College students lack sufficient financial backing.
策略之二:使用省略
为了使文章简明扼要,避免重复,更加连接紧密,结构紧凑,我们可以在并列句和定语从句和使用省略,特别在由when ,while 等引导的时间状语从句和if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句,以及由although ,even if 等引导的让步状语从句中省略尤为普遍。下列括号内容可以省略。
例1. He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .
2. Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .
3.Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.
策略之三:使用非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语语法学习中的一个重难点,也是学生在文章使用的最容易犯错的地方。而恰当使用非谓语动词,在句中充当不同的成分,既体现了学生具备较强的语言运用能力,能使用复杂句子结构,也使文章地道简洁、自然流畅。
期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆
1.使用动名词短语代替从句
(1)Our chief worry was that she lacked experience .
→ Our chief worry was her lacking experience .
(2)I suggested we should leave early for the airport .
→ I suggested leaving early for the airport .
2.使用分词短语代替从句
(1)When they heard the news ,they jumped with joy .
→ Hearing the news , they jumped with joy .
(2)The young woman who smiles at Lucy is Li Ying .
→ The young woman smiling at Lucy is Li Ying .
(3)After the room was examined carefully ,the room was locked again .
→Having been examined carefully ,the room was locked again
3.使用不定式代替从句
(1)It is a pity that you can’t come to attend our party .
→ It is a pity for you not to come to attend our party .
(2)Now the question is how we can raise enough money .
→ Now the question is how to raise enough money.
(3)He wore a mask so that no one can recognize him .
→He wore a mask so as to not to be recognized .
策略之四:使用介词或介词短语
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,看起来简单,但它却是英语中最活跃的词类,它们往往一词多义,用法非常灵活,特别复杂。特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强,可以用来表示各种不同的意思。所以在文章中使用好介词很不简单,体现学生较强的语言功底,也会是文章地道简洁。
1.While they were playing tennis,she started an argument that lasted all morning.
→ During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.
2. Because he has a lot of homework to do , he has to stay up tonight
→ With a lot of homework to do ,he has to stay up tonight..
3. He went to school in a hurry and he didn’t have breakfast .
→ He went to school in a hurry without breakfast .
策略之五:避免单词语意上重复
例:1.My grandfather has said over and over again.
这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly,显得更为简洁。
→ My grandfather has said repeatedly .
2. The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large对一个farm来说就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉。
→The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
在英语中,简明扼要的短句干脆利落、简洁明快,用它来表达一个信息,能迅速吸引对方注意力,收到一目了然、立竿见影的效果且容易于组织和表达,随便自然,能够体现文章的速度和力度感。当然,长句以复杂的语法结构来表达更为复杂的内容,能够从容不迫地进行叙述和阐明观点,让事实更充分的展现,让说理更深入透彻。所以,是使用长句好还是使用短句好,笔者认为一要遵从简洁原则,二要遵从体现作者的思想原则,不搞一刀切。
(作者单位:陕西商洛商南县高级中学 726300)
论文作者:张忠超
论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2016年10月下
论文发表时间:2017/1/21
标签:简洁论文; 长句论文; 从句论文; 文章论文; 介词论文; 策略论文; 语言论文; 《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2016年10月下论文;