宁夏人民医院眼科医院 西北民族大学第一附属医院 眼科 750000
摘要:目的 探讨超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术及单纯小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法 对照组20例行小梁切除术,病例组23例行超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术;术后随访 1~ 2月,观察患者视力,眼压,滤过泡以及并发症的情况。结果 单纯小梁切除术组和联合手术组术前视力对比无统计学意义;术后4周及8周组间视力比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);2组患者术前眼压对比无统计学意义;术后4周及8周组间眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);滤过泡:单纯小梁切除术组功能型滤过泡18眼,占90.00%,1眼滤过泡平坦不明显,占 5.00%;1眼呈泡状滤过泡,占5.00%;病例组功能型滤过泡15眼,占65.21%,8眼滤过泡平坦不明显,占34.78%。并发症:联合手术组角膜水肿1眼及病例组纤维渗出性虹膜炎3眼,经药物治疗均恢复;对照组眼底小片状出血3眼(15.00 %);病例组5眼(21.73 %),均未累计黄斑区。结论 超声乳化人工晶体植入术联合小梁切除术较单纯小梁切除术更有效地控制眼压,提高视力,并发症少,但需提高术者技术及把握好手术时机和方法。
关键词:超声乳化;小梁切除术;人工晶体;闭角型青光眼;白内障
Clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation with trabeculectomy for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract
Li Chunxia,Yang zhanlu,Gao Feng,Wang pushing.Ningxia people's hospital of ophthalmology(Teaching Hospital of Beifang University fou Nationality),Yichuan 750001,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regin,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. Methods 20 patients in the control group were performed with trabeculectomy,group of 23 cases were performed with phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation with trabeculectomy;patients were followed up for 1 to 2 months,to observe visual acuity,intraocular pressure,filtering bleb and complications of the situation.Results The preoperative visual acuity in two groups were statistical differences;The postoperative visual acuity 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation,there were statistical significance(all P<0.05);The preoperative intraocular pressure in two groups were statistical differences;The postoperative intraocular pressure 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation,there were statistical significance(all P<0.05);The filtering trabeculum:The control group of functional filtering trabeculum was 18 eyes,accounting for 90%,1 eye of filtering trabeculum was not obvious,accounting for 5%;The bubble filtering trabeculum was 1eye,accounted for 5%;The cases of functional filtering trabeculum was 15 eyes,accounting for 65.21%,8 eyes of filtering trabeculum was not obvious,accounting for 34.78%. Complications:corneal edema was 1 eyes in control group and the case group of fiber exudative iritis were 3 eyes,all recovered after drug treatment;the control group fragmentis fundus hemorrhage was 3 eyes(15%);the case group wai 5 eyes(21.73% eyes),macular area were not cumulative.Conclusion Phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation with trabeculectomy can effectively control IOP and improve vision,fewer complications,but patients who need to improve the technology and grasp the timing and method of operation.
1 资料与方法
1.1病例采集:收集2014年1月-2015年1月我科收治并主管的闭角型青光眼合并白内障的患者43例(43只眼),随机设为单纯小梁术组20例(20只眼)和联合手术组23例(23只眼)。患者年龄47-80岁,平均60.7±13.2岁。慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障30例,青光眼急性发作合并白内障13例。青光眼患者入院时眼压在33-62mmHg,给予全身及局部降眼压治疗,眼压控制在30 mmHg以下行手术治疗。入院后均行裂隙灯,房角,眼底检查。.2手术及统计方法:所有患者做青光眼及白内障的联合准备。术前闭角型青光眼患者对侧眼行虹膜激光打孔,测眼压,验光,眼轴,A、B超,曲率,角膜内皮计数,人工晶体度数测定,眼底照相,UBM(超声生物显微镜)。术前1小时予20%甘露醇静滴降眼压,半小时给予复方托比卡胺滴患眼。病例组行患眼表面及球结膜下麻醉后,在角膜缘上方作以穹窿结膜为基底的结膜瓣,巩膜烧灼止血后,作一个以角膜缘为基底的大小约4mm×4mm至透明角膜内0.5 mm处的1/2厚的巩膜瓣,在约2点位行侧穿口并注入粘弹剂,11点位以3.0mm穿刺刀做透明角膜切口,以撕囊镊行常规的连续环形撕囊,直径约5.5mm,行水分离,将设定好能量及负压的超声乳化头伸入囊袋内完成晶状体核的乳化吸出,皮质注吸后植入测算好的折叠型人工晶体于囊袋内,置换前房粘弹剂。掀起巩膜瓣,切除下方约2.0mm×2.0mm小梁组织及周边的虹膜组织,形成周边前房,10—0尼龙线缝合巩膜顶端,缝2根巩膜瓣可调节缝线,8-0可吸收线分层缝合筋膜及球结膜切口。单纯小梁切除术组省略超声乳化步骤,余同上。
统计学方法:采用SPSS17.0统计学软件包,计量资料采用 ± s 表示,采用t检验;计数资料的比较采用X2检验进行分析,P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1视力
对照组和病例组术前视力分别为0.097±0.051和0.101±0.056,t值=0.286,P>0.05无统计学意义;术后4周随访视力分别为0.141±0.050和0.204±0.112,t值=2.326,P<0.05有统计学意义;术后8周随访视力分别为0.173±0.067 和0.286±0.150;t值=3.109,P<0.05有统计学意义,见表1。
2.3 滤过泡
按照Moolfield滤过泡分级,小梁切除术后滤过泡分为4种:Ⅰ型滤过泡壁薄,灰白色,局限的滤过泡,结膜下有疏松伴囊腔的组织形成;Ⅱ型滤过泡,壁厚,灰白色,范围广弥散的滤过泡,结膜下有疏松伴囊腔的组织形成;Ⅲ型滤过泡,壁厚,显著充血,粗大新生血管长入,结膜下致密组织形成;Ⅳ型滤过泡,局限,圆顶状隆起,结膜下形成巨大囊腔,其内充满液体。Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型系功能型滤过泡;Ⅲ型系平坦滤过泡;Ⅳ型包裹性囊状泡。单纯小梁切除术组功能型滤过泡18眼,占90.00%,1眼滤过泡平坦不明显,占 5.00%;1眼呈泡状滤过泡,占5.00%;联合手术组功能型滤过泡15眼,占65.21%,8眼滤过泡平坦不明显,占34.78%。
2.4 并发症
2.4.2 术后并发症:单纯小梁切除术组一过性角膜水肿3眼,经局部点眼等对症处理均恢复清亮;联合手术组无角膜水肿;联合手术组纤维渗出性虹膜炎 3眼(13.04%);单纯小梁切除术眼底出血3眼(15.00 %);联合手术组5眼(21.73 %)。
3 讨论:
据统计,目前青光眼是全球前2位致盲眼病。[3]。PACG的发病机制有瞳孔阻滞、高褶虹膜、混合机制、晶状体相关因素、晶状体后因素等[4]。PACG发病的一个很重要的因素就是晶状体。当然联合手术也存在缺陷,术后瘢痕形成重,炎症反应明显,血-房水屏障破坏严重,术后滤过泡形成不良,本文中也有体现,因此导致术后滤过泡形成效果较单纯小梁切除术差[6]。本研究中单纯小梁切除术组出现的一过性角膜水肿与其调整缝线过紧有关,术后前三天防止浅前房出现,先给予药物点眼,眼压持续不降三天后拆除调整缝线。有研究者认为联合手术效果好,尤其是超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术,治疗青光眼合并白内障,具有有效控制眼压及恢复视力的作用,避免了二次手术中小梁切除术后虹膜后粘连、浅前房、瞳孔变形引起散瞳困难而导致的超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入手术操作困难;同时也克服了传统的白内障囊外摘除联合小梁切除三联手术创伤大,并发症多,角膜散光等缺点,显示出较大的优越性 因此,青白联合手术将会是治疗青光眼合并白内障的一种趋势。
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第一作者简介:李春霞,女,(1983-12),主治医师,研究生,宁夏人民医院眼科医院,西北民族大学第一附属医院,研究方向:从事眼病方面的研究。
论文作者:李春霞,杨占录,高峰
论文发表刊物:《中国误诊学杂志》2017年第9期
论文发表时间:2017/8/8
标签:小梁论文; 滤过论文; 白内障论文; 青光眼论文; 眼压论文; 切除术论文; 手术论文; 《中国误诊学杂志》2017年第9期论文;