谈汉语思维对英语写作的影响，本文主要内容关键词为：汉语论文,英语写作论文,思维论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
学生写作中反映出许多由于忽视中英思维方式差别而拼凑出的中英混合式病句。汉语思维不仅影响到语言的基本结构，还反映在用词造句和习语表达方面。
一、结构
汉英两种语言的句法结构不尽相同，要表达一个相同的意思所用的表现手法也不尽相同。这些差别在写作中往往成为一大障碍。如果忽略这些差别，用汉语的逻辑思维方式表达思想，就可能写出一些不伦不类的句子。例如：
1.*Because he asked me to go,so I went.
汉语用“因为……所以”结构，而英语中because和so只能选择其一。此外，该句的汉语影响还体现在：“he asked me to go”和“I went”并没有明显的因果关系，用and连接更为自然：He asked me to go,and I went.
2.*I bought the books at your age but until now I could have enough time to read.
until的肯定形式表示一段持续的动作或状态；否定结构not until的意思是“直到……才”，才能正确表达原意。另外，read是及物动词，必须有直接宾语。
应改为：I bought the books at your age but not until now could I have enough time to read them.
3.* To have a picnic in the Water Mother's Palace,how happy we are!
将感叹句中的不定式短语放在句前不符合英语习惯，应改为：How happy we are to have a picnic in the Water Mother's Palace!
4.* We were so joyous to see the blue sky,the beautiful flowers and all the troubles were left behind.
汉语很少用关联词语，而句子的连贯性却不言而喻；英语的特点是长句多，修饰成分复杂，需用连词使之条理清楚，脉络分明。原句需用“so...that”结构使之连贯并保持其意义的完整性。
应改为：We were so joyous to see the blue sky and the beautiful flowers that all the troubles were left behind.
5.*After reading the letter,my heart was beating faster.
汉语多用省略结构，会使表达清晰、简洁，而同样的省略反映到英语中则出现逻辑问题，往往造成悬垂结构。按照英语语法，reading的逻辑主语应当和主句一致，可将原句改为：
(1)After I read the letter,my heart was beating faster.
(2)After reading the letter,I left my heart beating faster.
二、用词
以汉语中词汇的用法结构机械地套用英语词汇，致使表达不简洁，甚至不正确：
1.*Childhood is the most valuable golden age which makes people hard to forget.
句中“age which makes people hard to forget”有明显的汉语思维的痕迹，也有明显的逻辑错误。which应为forget的宾语，而不是makes的主语，改为“which people find hard to forget”便明白易懂，颇具英语味。
类似的问题在写作中屡见不鲜。汉语中的使动用法较多，常在动词前面加“使”、“令”等等。英语的“使动关系”变化则体现在动词的本身。很多及物动词都可以取代“make somebody+pp.”的结构，如，“frighten us”和“encourage us”就比“make us frightened”和“make us encouraged”简洁。造成这种修辞错误，除了汉语思维的因素外，词汇贫乏也是重要原因。
2.*If we let our children have their own way any time,what will become of them?
句中的any time纯属按汉语“在任何时候”来翻译的，不符合英语逻辑，应改为at all times。另外，按英语的习惯，疑问句中的从句一般放在后面，故应改为：
What will become of them if we let our children have their own way at all times?
3.*No purpose is the cause of most of our failures.
估计用no purpose是想表达“没有目标”的意思，而在英语中，no purpose意思是“not any purpose”（没有任何一种目标），不符合逻辑。应改为：Lack of purpose is the cause of most of our failures.
三、习语
1.*When that happened,he was in his sweet dream.
in a dream的意思是幻梦般。“在做梦”应用have a dream，应改为：When that happened,he was having a sweet dream.
2.*The question seemed to be a small dish to us.
“a small dish”是按汉语“小菜一碟”翻译来的，表示这种意思，英语应用a piece of cake,a snap或者be as easy as ABC。本句可改为：
The question is piece of cake to us.
3.*As future teachers,we shouldn't treat our college study as a child's play.
“儿戏”指像小孩子那样闹着玩儿，比喻对重要的事情不严肃、不认真；“a child's play”指非常容易做的事情。“当做儿戏”应表达为：“treat as a trifle”。
以上各种错误系由汉语思维所致。要想避免这些错误，除了通过常规的语言训练以获得坚实的语言知识外，还应该多读原著，积累符合英语习惯的表达方式，培养语感；最后，从实践入手，多写多练，提高写作能力。