新标准 新要求——谈高考英语作文高分特征，本文主要内容关键词为：高分论文,新标准论文,高考英语论文,特征论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
新颁行的普通高中《英语课程标准（实验稿）》明确指出，写作教学的目的是通过对学生激活灵感、激发兴趣、整理思路、组织素材、规划结构、遣词造句等基本写作技能的培养使他们能表达事实、观点、情感、想像力、交流信息，培养规范的写作习惯……。与以往的《英语教学大纲》中规定的能在日常生活中，写简单的书信和通知，书写格式和行文，以及词语无严重错误的要求相比，新课程标准规定的写作要求提高了一个新的层面，更加突出了对谋篇布局，遣词造句，情感表达的要求。本文依据新课程标准对写作提出的新要求，并结合实际经验，谈谈高考英语作文高分的5大特性：
一、条理性
条理性是指要合理布局文章结构，首先，在文章思路，组织材料，叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性，例如：题目要求写一篇叙述文，可以按照事情的发展的先后顺序来写，若介绍某一场所，在可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点顺序来安排结构。全文结构应注意首尾呼应，前后相联。其次，根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视，开头语往往是总起句，结尾往往是总结句。
例如：2001年高考英语作文范文，
Dear Dick，
How nice to hear from you again.You want to know what is going on in schools in China?In short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.I don't know about others,but l used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.Now I have more free time,I can follow my own interests such as reading books,visiting museums,and taking computer lessons,In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.What's more,I can go to bed earlier.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes.
Li Hua
二、准确性
准确性是指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时自觉不觉得产生不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道的表达文意，首先必须要牢记掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结中英表达差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。试体会下面句子汉英表达上的差异。
1.我等待着你的到来。
错误或失误：I'm waiting for you to come.
修改意见：I'm looking forward to your arrival.（NMET2003范文）
2.现在我详细地给你介绍房子的情况。
错误或失误：Now I am going to introduce the room to you carefully.
修改意见：Now I am going to give you a detailed description of the room.（NMET2003范文）
3.工人们热烈欢迎我们来参观农场。
错误或失误：The worker welcomed us to visit the farm.
修改意见：The worker gave us a warm welcome.（NMETl998范文）
4.40％的学生反对公园收门票。
错误或失误：There are 40％ of the students aganist the idea of entrance fees.
修改意见：There are 40％ of the students who are aganist the idea of entrance fees.(NMET2002)
其次，要多读多背，在精读及准精读中汲取营养，对于好的句子最好背诵下来，适时用于写作训练中。其中，英语中的一些常识性语句就是非常典型的背诵材料。如：在写通知时，开头语：Attention,please.May I have your attention,please?I'll have an annoucement to make.结尾语：Don't forget the time and the address.I'm sure you'll have a lot of fun.That's all.Thank you.在写参观欢迎词时，开头语：Welcome to our city.Now let me tell something about our school.结尾语：I'll sure you'll have a good trip.That's all.Thank you.写信时，开头语：I am glad to hear from you.I'll writing to tell you something about…….How are you getting along with your study?I really don't know how to thank you for your……结尾语：Please give my best regards to ……I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.Remember me to your parents等。
正确牢记这些惯用语，无疑增添句子表达的准确性，减少不必要的错误，从而提高书面表达的档次。
三、流畅性
流畅性是指根据整篇文章意思的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。关联词就是常用的连接手段之一。
1.表示平行、对等或选择关系
and,both…and,as well as,neither…or,also,not only…but also.
2.表示转折关系
but,yet,however,nevertheless,in spite of,although,otherwise,while.
3.表示对比关系
On the contrary,instead of,on the other hand,just like,unlike.
4.表示因果关系
so,for,therefore,as a result,because,owing to,due to,thanks to,on account of.
5.表示时间、顺序关系
shortly after,first、second…,then,next,finally,for one thing;for another thing,in the end,eventually.
6.表示递进、强调关系
besides,furthermore what's,more,in addition,moreover,worse still,above all,certainly important of all,to make matters worse.
7.表示解释、说明关系
namely,actually,such as,for example/instance,that is to say,in other words,and so on,to tell you the truth,according to this.
8.表示结论
in short,in brief,in a word,in general,as you know,as far as I know,on the whole.
这些关联词恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。如：NMET2001范文中使用了许多关联同（见范文划线处）。
四、简洁多样性
简洁性就是做到语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。新课程标准中写作的评价标准，强调了语言表达的能力：语言结构和词汇要丰富。因此，在确保行文准确流畅的前提下，需要文字清新简约，语句灵活多变，使文章的语言结构更加丰富多彩。我们可以采用以下几种方式：
1.合理利用介词或名词代替动词，能有效降低句子结构的复杂性，在令句子通顺自然的同时，也能减少在语法尽可能犯的错误。试体会黑体部分被括号中词语替代后的效果
①The flat has an area of 25 spuare metres and there is a bedroom,a bathroom,and a kitchen(with)
②I was pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something that has taken place in our school(about)
③I have a surprise to give you(for)
2.使用短语结构来简化从句或合并短句。常见的结构有介词短语、名词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、同位语等结构。
①The young man pointed to a policeman not far away and said:"He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch the offender".
修改意见：Pointing to a policeman not far away,the young man explained,"He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch the offender".（NMET1997范文）
②I'll write to you the moment I arrive in Beijing.
修改意见：On my arrival in Beijing.I'll write to you.
③After the meeting was over,we went home.
修改意见：The meeting over,we went home.
④My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.
修改意见：My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind.(NMET1997)
⑤Sun Shu wei is a boy of l4.He is a world champion in diving.
修改意见：Sun Shu wei,a world champion in diving,is a boy of l4.(NMET 1993)
3.通过合句，将意义相关的几个句子，用一定的连接方式连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉一些多余的成分，可以避免冗长累赘，松散无力，使句子凝炼，层次清晰。
①I was walking along Park Road to wards the east.At that time,an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
修改意见：I was walking along Park Road to wards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.（NMET2000范文)
②The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
修改意见：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.（NMET2003范文）
③I can follow my own interests.I can read books,visit museums and take computer lessons.Jianxin Chinese School.
修改意见：I can follow my own interests.Such as reading books,visiting museums and taking computer lessons.（NMET2001范文）
4.尝试改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等，这样能增加文章的节奏感和音律美。
①We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
修改意见：Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there to gether.（NMET1998范文）
②We had to stand there to catch the offender.
修改意见：What we had to do was to startd there to catch the offender.（NMETl997范文）
③If you don't like it,I can try and find another place for you.
修改意见：If not,I can try and find another place for you.（NMET2003范文）
④I studied Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer at school.
修改意见：The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer.（NMET1996范文）
⑤Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister.
修改意见：It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.（NMETl993范文）
五、思想性
新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与目标读者进行交流的目的。如：
Do you think you'll like it?If not,I can try and find another flat for you.（NMET2003范文）
（表现了作者对朋友尽职尽责的心情，回信由此充满浓厚的感情色彩）
As far as I know,everyone is happy about the arrangement of thins.（NMET2001范文）
（表现作者对减负后喜悦的心情）
I hope you come and see for yourself some day.（NMET 1999范文）
（表现了作者对学校变化后的心情，希望朋友来亲眼目睹）
I hope you can come to China to watch the olympic Game 2008.Then I'll be very happy to be your guide.（NMET2002春季高考范文）
（表现作者对朋友的浓厚的友谊）
此外，新课程标准中还着重强调格式和语域适当，因此，我们还要注意文章格式的准确无误和语言的适用范围。