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英语中大致有七种常见的含It...that...的句子结构。这七种含It...that...的句子结构所表达的意思不尽相同。因此，了解它们所表达的不同意思，并用适当的汉语将它们表达出来显得至关重要。本文拟对英语中这七种含It...that...的句子结构的理解和翻译分别作一些扼要的介绍。为了方便起见，我们对每一种含It...that...的句子结构都从一个例句开始讨论。
1.例句：It is clear that you are wrong this time.
例句中it为先行主语，that引导的从句是句子真正的主语，就是传统语法书上所说的主语从句。主语从句也可以不用先行主语it来引导，而直接用 that引导的从句作主语，如上述例句可以写成：That you are wrong this time is clear.从语法上讲两种形式都是正确的，但从表达效果看，即从修辞角度考虑，由先行主语it开始的句子更好，因为这种句子结构形式会使句子结构平稳，避免了句子结构头重脚轻的弊端。
在“结构一”这种It...that...的句子形式中，如果主句的表语是important,unimportant,necessary.unnecessary,essential等词时，that引导的从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语要用动词原形或 should＋动词原形（注意：在美国英语中只能用前面一种形式）。例如：
It is important that everything(should)be prepared before the end of this week.
It is essential that she(should)get there on time.
翻译“结构一”这种It...that...的句子形式主要用以下两种方法：
(1)先翻译主句.再翻译从句，如上面第一例应翻译成：很清楚，这次你错了。再如：
It is known to all that China is a developing socialist country.
众所周知，中国是一个社会主义发展中国家。
It is certain that they will be severely punished by the law in the end.
可以肯定他们最终会受到法律的严惩。
(2)先翻译从句，再翻译主句，如上面第三例应翻译成：她准时到达那里是很重要的。
It is necessary that such things(should)be put an end to.结束这种事是必要的。
It is not your fault that this has happened.发生这种事不是你的错。
在翻译时，有时将从句译好后，主句可用“这是……”译出，如本文开头部分第二例应翻译成：在本周末之前把一切都准备好，这是很重要的。再如：
It is good news that he has been elected Chairman of the Board.他被选为董事长，这是一个好消息。
2.例句：It seems that no one in the class can solve the math problem.
这个句子与上面“结构一”的句子有很大的不同，“结构一”主句中的动词一般是be或其它连系动词，而“结构二”主句中的动词是seem,appear,happen,turn out等。这种含It...that...的句子结构可以被转换含上述动词+to-不定式的简单句，如上面的例句可以转换成：No one in the class seems to be able to solve the math problems.在这个句子中No one in the class是句子的主语，seems to be able to solve是谓语，the math problem是seems to be able to solve的宾语。请再看两种结构相互转换的两个例子：
It appears that John has got the right answer.→John appears to have got the right answer.
It turned out that the news was true.→The news turned out to be true.
翻译“结构二”这种含It...that...的句子时，一般应按可转换成的句子语序进行翻译，如上面三个句子应该分别翻译成：这个班上好像没有人能解出这道数学难题。／约翰好像已经知道了正确答案。／消息结果证明是真的。再如：
It happened that I met her at the school gate.我碰巧在校门口遇见了她。
It seems that he has been to many countries.他好像去过许多国家。
3.例句：It suddenly occurred to me that I had forgot to bring the notebook with me.
这是一种特殊的It...that...结构，结构比较固定，一般不能被转换成简单句。意思也比较固定，不管主句中用什么动词（一般是occur,strike,dawn等几个动词）句子意思基本相同。因此翻译时是一般都翻译成“想到（起）”、“意识到”，将主句中的介词宾语或谓语动词宾语作“想到（起）”、“意识到”的主语。如上述例句可以翻译成：我突然想起我忘了带笔记本。再如：
It suddenly occurred to the mother that her little daughter was still in the kindergarten.
母亲突然想起她的小女儿还在幼儿园里。
It dawned on the man at that moment that the last bus had already left.
那个人那时突然意识到最后一班汽车已经开走了。
It dawned upon the student that it was already time for him to hand in the exercise book.
这个学生意识到交作业的时间到了。
It suddenly struck him that he had to leave without any delay.他突然意识到他必须马上离开。
4.例句：It is reported that the delegation has arrived in Beijing.
在这种句子结构中，主句是被动形式。含这种结构的句子可被转换成一个简单句，这个简单句的主语是从句的主语，如上述例句可以转换成：The delegation is reported to have arrived in Beijing.
这两种句式之间的转换实际上是两种被动结构之间的转换。再如：
It is said that she is a good student.→She is said to be a good student.
It is believed that the house belongs to the Johnsons.→The house is believed to belong to the Johnsons.
It is reported that the meeting is being held in Beijing.→The meeting is reported to be being held in Beijing.（原句比较常用）
翻译这种含It...that...的句子时，一般应用“据……”，如上面1、2和4例可分别译成：据报道代表团已经到达北京。／据说她在学校里是个好学生。／据说这个会议正在北京举行。
有时不能译成“据……”，而应该译成“有人（或人们）……”，如上面第三个例句应该译成：有人相信这幢房子是属于约翰逊家的。再如：
It is expected that such things will never happen again.人们希望这种事情永远再不要发生了。
It is thought that the price of the goods is on the high side.有人认为货的价格偏高。
注意：这种It...that...的句子与相对应的简单句的翻译方式相同。例如：
He is said to have graduated from college.据说他已大学毕业。
She is believed to enter a famous university.有人相信她会考入一所名校。
5.例句：It is in the auditorium that we always have our meetings.
这是一个断裂句(cleft sentence)，就是传统语法所说的强调句。这种句子的意思实际上相当于一个简单句，即原句的实际意思是：We always have our meetings in the auditorium.两个句子的区别在于原句中的状语in the auditorium得到了强调，我们用 It...that...把句子分裂成主句和从句两个部分。不管主句被强调的表语是表示时间、表示地点的词，还是表示人或物的词，都用that（人也可用who或whom）连接。再如：
It was in Shanghai that he was born and brought up.
It was on October,1,1949,that the People's Republic of China was founded.
It was the desk that the carpenter repaired several days ago.
It is the English teacher that helps her to catch up with the class.
这种It...that...断裂句一般应用“……是…… （的）”或“是……的”的形式来翻译，如上述五个例句可分别翻译成：我们经常是在礼堂里开会的。／他是在上海出生和长大的。／中华人民共和国是于 1949年10月1日成立的。／木工是在几天前修理这张桌子的。／是这位英语老师帮助她赶上班级其他同学的。再如：
It is her mother that loves her most.最关心她的是她母亲。
It is the school bus that takes the children home.是校车把孩子送回家的。6.例句：It is a wise mother that knows her own daughter.
这是一种特殊的It...that...结构，多数是谚语，都用一般现在时态，that一般在从句中作主语，主句中的表语一般都是a(an)+adj+n.形式。还有一个重要特点是，在这种结构中，如果从句是肯定的，汉语要用否定来表示；反之，如果从句是否定的，汉语要用肯定来表示。这种It...that...结构在意义上不相当于一个简单句，而是相当于另一种复合句——一种含让步状语从句的复合句。因此，上述例句的实际意思是：No matter how wise a mother is she may not know her own daughter。这种特殊的 It...that...结构也比较多见。再如：
It is a good machine that can work without power.
It is a bold mouse that nestles in the cat's ear.
It is a long lane that has no turning.
It is a good horse that never stumbles.
因为这种含特殊的It...that...结构的句子的意思实际上相当于一个含让步状语从句的复合句，所以在翻译时要以让步状语从句的复合句的意思来翻译，并要注意如果从句中不含否定词，从句的谓语前要加上“不见得”“不一定”等词来翻译，或直接翻译成否定式；从句中含否定词，从句要翻译成肯定式。如上面各例应分别翻译成：再聪颖的母亲也不见得了解自己的女儿的。／再好的机器也要有动力才能开动。／无论怎样勇敢的老鼠也不敢偎依在猫的身旁。／再长的巷子也会有拐弯的。／无论怎样好的马也会有失蹄的时候。再如：
It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.聪明的人也会有犯错误的时候。
It is a skillful workman that never blunders.再熟练的工人有时也会有疏忽。
It is a poor heart that never rejoices.无论怎样不幸的人也会有生活的乐趣。
It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.再不好的风也会有人有利。（对一些人不利的事可能对另一些人有利）。7.例句：It is time that we had lunch.
这种It...that...结构是一种虚拟句形式，主句中的表语常见的一般是time和high time，从句中都要用一般过去式。这种句子的结构形式也可以用简单句来表示，但必须加上for sb.引入逻辑上的主语，如例句可以改成：It's time for us to have lunch.这种It...that...的虚拟结构句式在日常英语中比较常见。再如：
It is time that the student handed in their paper.
It is time that the teacher dismissed the class。
It is high time that college graduates went to work in the western regions.
翻译这种句子时可以将句子译成“……的时间到了”，“是……的时间了”，time前有high，应译成“正是……的时间（候）”，从句的主语作汉语句子的主语，如上述各例应分别翻译成：我们吃中饭的时间到了。／学生交试卷的时间到了。／老师下课的时间到了。／现在正是大学毕业生到西部工作的时候。再如：
It is time that we went to bed.Please turn off the light.睡觉的时间到了，请把灯关掉。
It is high time now that they deepened their reform in an all-round way.现在正是他们全面深入改革的时候。
注意：在第七种It...that...的结构中，that在口语中常被省略。