从相关性入手，击破改错难关，本文主要内容关键词为：相关性论文,难关论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
短文改错通常是一篇比较浅显的短文，侧重考查考生的基础语法知识、语言运用能力和短文整体阅读能力。做短文改错时考生需要从整体把握文章脉络，要充分利用上下文，特别要注意句子与句子之间的关系，注意“作者”的行文思路。短文改错和书面表达（通常称作主观题）是考生的“软肋”，主观题的好坏与否直接影响考生的最后成绩。短文改错的考查主要涉及：冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、动词、介词和非谓语动词等。短文改错主要涉及以下方面：
一、句子成份残缺
句子成份残缺义即“在短文的某一行缺少一个词，需要考生在阅读完某句话后将所缺的词语补上”使句子的意思完整。所缺少的词语多是，冠词(a/an/the)、助动词(have/do/be)、动词不定式的符号(to)、连词（and/but/so等）、代词（it作形式主语或宾语）、介词（in/on/at/with/for等）等等。句子成份残缺应该是短文改错必考考点之一！！一般来说，短文改错句子成份残缺问题不会出现三个或以上的题目，因为命题者应该尽可能的从多个角度考查考生的能力。例如：
Second,I will learn more about ∧ the history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games.（缺少冠词）
One day,the school held ∧ a party,where I was invited to talk about my hometown.
I had ∧ an interesting dream last night.（同上）。
It is also a window ∧ from which we can learn about American society.（缺少介词）
Each ∧ of these were very important in improving our living environment.（同上）
Now,I fully understand how hard ∧ it is to earn money.（缺少形式主语“it”）
They found ∧ it important to learn English well at that time.（缺少形式宾语“it”）
We decided ∧ to stop at a village market to buy something to eat.（缺少不定式符号）
Perhaps someone who wanted ∧ to see the play would take them.（同上）
二、词语多余
词语多余也应该是短文改错必考考点之一！！词语多余一般是小品词。例如：
I have just got some good news to tell to（去掉）you.
We'd better not to（去掉）miss the chance to enjoy it.
August is the best time to visit Beijing,because of（去掉）the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.For the 29[th] Olympic Games,I will at（去掉）first improve my English..
The play tells humorous stories that happen in the（去掉）Green's family.
It Was indeed not easy to get in the（去掉）touch with everybody·
三、句子正确
纵观近十年高考短文改错题，同句子成份残缺和词语多余一样，“句子正确”应该是短文改错的必考考点之一！
四、相关性错误
所谓相关性错误，是指错误之处与正确答案之间具有某种特殊关联关系。如果命题不从相关的角度命题，那么短文改错的难度就更大了。具体而言，相关性的改错如下：
(1)名词错误，主要涉及单数名词改为复数名词。汉语中名词的单复数概念不强，而英语中的名词单复数概念十分明显，可数名词要么是单数要么是复数。由于受汉语习惯影响，很多考生不会考虑将单数名词改为复数名词。单数名词改为复数名词是短文改错的常见考点之一！例如：
Before Christmas,people send greeting(greetings) to each other.
Westerner( Westerners)would like to be humorous at a party.
近两年，也出现将复数名词改为单数名词，需要引起注意。例如：five girls(girl)students
(2)形容词错误，一是形容词改为形容词，二是形容词改为相应的副词，以后者居多。例如：
"Grandpa,how does it come that you have so much(many) lines on your hand?"
I will learn more about the history of the Olympics as good(well) as the 2008 Olympic Games.
Feeling sure,I would easy (easily)finish 300 envelops in five hours.
(3)副词错误，一是副词改为副词，二是副词改为形容词。例如：
The lecture hall is 20 meters widely (wide) ;it is wide(widely) used for various lectures.
From September,therefore ( however),I' m going to stay in Nottingham by my aunt.
They really taste well(good).
They all said it was a terribly (terrible)one.
(4)介词错误，一般是固定搭配或者是特殊用法。介词错误是短文改错常考题之一。例如：
We also had to do plenty of homework,and hand it on(in) time.
In this way,we can get along to (with) each other happily and peacefully.
Last Saturday,the class that I was on (in)held a get-together.
But I couldn ' t explain them with (in) English clearly.
(5)连词错误。连词误用是常见考点之一！主要有三类：一是并列连词之间的误用，最常见的是but，and和or之间的误用。例如：
I'd like to stay there for half a month,visiting places of interest or (and) practicing my English as well.
With such stories it makes people think about life,but(and) therefore attracts the audience.
二是从属连词之间的误用，如关系副词while和when之间误用，疑问代词what和关系代词that之间的误用，关系代词which和that之间的误用，关系代词that与as之间的误用，关系代词as与which之间的误用，等等。例如：
It was a pity which(that)some of us were not present at her birthday party.
However,while (when) John went back home,the tickets were still there.
I was not lucky enough to have a teacher whom(who/that) didn' t take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities. China is no longer the country what (that) it used to be.
三是从属连词和并列连词之间的误用，典型的例子是并列连词so和从属连词because同时使用，从属连词though/although和表转折关系的并列连词but同时使用。例如：
Because I was ill,so I didn't go to school yesterday.（只保留一个连词）
Though Tom worked very hard,but he still couldn't get through the exam.（同上）
(6)冠词错误，主要有：不定冠词a和不定冠词an的误用。例如：John was a(an)honest student and he became an(a)university student last year.
定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的误用。例如：On the(a)rainy afternoon,John was robbed.On a(the)very rainy afternoon,John was robbed.
冠词多余或句子成份残缺。例如：
The poor old woman believed in God,so she often went to the（去掉定冠词the）church.
We went to school in ∧（添加the）hope learning something everyday.
(7)动词时态错误，主要有两种情况。一是动词的现在时态改为动词过去时态。例如：
I win(won) a national prize for painting last week.
We choose(chose) the cheapest biscuits and ate it under a tree.
I tried to act as if nothing has(had) happened until the class was over.
二是动词过去时改为动词原形。例如：
Since I was(am) familiar with Beijing,I can help visitors find their ways in the city.
And there were (are) many meaningful things that are worth thinking of.
(8)分词错误，一是现在分词改为过去分词，二是过去分词改为现在分词。例如：
My father was so pleasing(pleased) that he suggested I go to England for a holiday.
The USA is the most developing(developed) country while China is the most developed developing country in the world.
Tom sat there,with his eyes fixing (fixed)on his term paper.
(9)代词错误，考生需要搞清楚代词的种类、单复数和在句子中的主要成份。代词错误是短文改错常考之一。例如：
I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show their(our) great achievements.
People in the west are quite different from that (those) in the east.
We bought the cheapest biscuits and ate it (them) under a tree.
I woke up and found me(myself) still in bed.
(10)动词词形错误，主要是两种形式。一是动词原形改为动名词或现在分词或过去分词或添加动词不定式符号to。例如：
I have often dreamed of talk(talking) face to face with you.
And there are many meaningful things that are worth think(thinking)of,such as the relationship between parents and children.
二是动名词或现在分词或过去分词改为动词原形，或去掉动词不定式符号to。例如：
The days they are looking forward coming(come).
I headed for the company,feeling sure I would easily finish 200 envelops in five hours and to（去掉） earn the money.
(11)主谓一致错误，一是名词单复数作主语时的主谓一致，二是动名词、动词不定式、从句作主语时的主谓一致。例如：
So far the professor together with his students have(had) visited the farm three times.
With such stories it make( makes)people think about life.
Where to go and when to start was (were)not decided yet.
So do (does) our friend,Cathy,who think (thinks)August is the best time of the year.
短文改错不是单句改错，需要整体阅读短文，把握文段大意。在理解大意的基础上，从语法结构入手，逐句判断句子成分，审视句子结构，特别注意错误点的关联性关系。