My China Dream
By BILL BROWN
In July 2019, Bill returns to Jiayu Pass of the Great Wall in western China’s Gansu Province to see how local government works to attain sustainable development.
Editor’s note: Bill Brown is a common household name to most of Xiamen people, who affectionately call him “Lao Pan.” In 1988, Bill and his family came to Xiamen, where he has taught MBA courses for the past three decades. In 1992, he became Fujian Province’s first foreigner to receive permanent residence, and in 1993, was given China’s Friendship Award. In February 2019, after the publication of his new book Off the Wall - How We Fell for China, Bill received a kind reply from China’s President Xi Jinping in response to a letter he had sent to the president. After Bill’s trip around China in last August, we invited him to share his feelings and most impressive experiences about this trip.
W HEN my family came to Xiamen for the first time in 1988, I quickly fell in love with China and became a foreign teacher at Xiamen University.At that time, the living conditions were harsh. Every day, the running water was out once or more, power outages were frequent, and transportation wasn’t convenient. But even though the situation was not very good for us, the people were so warm, friendly, and hospitable.
互联互通CBTC系统车地之间无线通信因其传输的物理介质存在于开放的空间，属于开放式通信系统，应符合文献[5]开放式通信系统中类型3的要求。文献[5]推荐的安全通信系统架构如图1所示。安全应用和安全通信系统要求遵循文献[6]的要求，部署在功能安全相关的设备中；而安全加密技术和传输系统可以部署在非功能安全相关的设备中。
Before coming to China, I discovered China Reconstructs, the magazine whose name later changed to China Today in 1990, at a bookstore in Los Angeles’ China Town. Through the magazine I learned a lot about China.In order to get acquainted with the real China, I decided to travel around China in my own way. So in 1994, I drove with my wife and sons all around China.We drove up the coast to Hangzhou,Suzhou, Nanjing, and Qingdao, over to Beijing, down to Xi’an, to Qinghai, Tibet,through Yunnan and south China, and back to Xiamen, so pretty much most of the country. It took us three months and we traveled 40,000 kilometers in total.
Teaching to Fish
I drove around China to see if reforms truly benefited all parts of the country.To my surprise, China had already begun building new roads, schools, and medical centers even in remote villages.
In a Ningxia village that in 1994 was extremely impoverished, concrete roads lead to the doorsteps of farmers’new brick homes, which have reliable electricity, water, and Internet. I interviewed a local leader who had grown up in a traditional mud home that had collapsed in a heavy rain and almost crushed him. He was delighted by the government’s campaign to help all villagers in China build safer homes. He visited an elderly lady whose home had been rebuilt, to ask if she needed further help. “I have a new home,” she replied.“That’s enough!”
China’s great changes over three decades have also given me great faith in the leadership of the Chinese government. In 1994, for example, it took me three months to drive 40,000 kilometers,but today China has the world’s most extensive highway system and highspeed train network. Three decades ago, power and water were out weekly,sometimes daily, even in coastal cities like Xiamen. Today, farmers in remote mountain villages laughed when I asked if they ever had power outages. In 1991,I spent US $450 and waited three years to get a home telephone. Today, even farmers in remote Tibetan and Inner Mongolian villages have cell phones and access to the Internet, and they buy and sell goods online. The changes are nothing short of miraculous.
当催化剂厚度降低后，纳米线的生长呈现出一定的有序性。当生长时间为10s时，如图3c所示，纳米线的生长方向较为一致，大部分均垂直于衬底向上生长。而随着生长时间的延长，这种有序性被破坏，如图3d所示，纳米线长度可达4μm以上，但出现了弯曲，方向变得杂乱无章，这可能是由于生长温度较高，生长速率太快，在催化剂合金液滴中形成氮化镓的原子无法达到能量最低的位置便析出，导致纳米线生长方向发生了变化。
I planned to drive around China alone but leaders of Xiamen University’s School of Management (SMXMU) were concerned about my safety and health and provided a car and driver. “You’re not 38 this time, you’re 63!” they reminded me. We ended up with several cars and a dozen people, including SMXMU leaders, Teacher Jie, Doctor Liu, student assistants, New Channel’s Miss Wang,whom CEO Hu Min provided to help with interviews, and a Fujian Television video production crew. Our team also included Zhu Qingfu, an award-winning Fujian photographer, and the tunnel expert CEO Lin Zhengjia, both of whom I interviewed when I discovered they are the kinds of people who have made China’s success possible. But as I quickly learned, China has exceptional people in every corner of the country.
Bill has a family photo taken with his wife and two sons at the Xiamen Port during his first visit to Xiamen in 1988.
I was especially impressed that China has become greener even as it had grown. In 1994, rural China seemed to have only one color: mud. By day two my white van was mud colored; by day three, I too was dusty and the color of mud. But today, every province has modern highways with gleaming bridges and endless tunnels cutting across valleys and mountains that in 1994 were barren but today are green and fertile.In Inner Mongolia, we looked in vain for the sand dunes that had trapped my van in 1994. Today, that area is covered in grass and trees.
But even with China’s track record,Chinese President Xi Jinping’s vow to eradicate poverty by 2020 was so surprising that in 2019 I decided to drive around China again to see just how much progress had been made over the past 25 years. Although everyone knows China’s miraculous economic statistics, I wanted to put real faces to the numbers - to interview people in every corner of the country to see if their lives had changed. What I discovered astonished not only me but the Chinese who made the trip with me.
对于以上各能力培养方面，设计评价表格，同时要求学生开展自我评价和学生匿名互评，引导学生正确认识自己，客观评价他人。各类评价结果及时通过座谈、微信、QQ等多种方式反馈给学生，以便学生及时修正存在的问题。形成性评价改掉了学生学习中常出现的惰性，克服了应付心理，极大提高学生的学习积极性，促进了对学生综合能力的培养和整体素质的提高。
Every member of our team was astonished at the sheer scope of changes in every province and county. From the boat people of Fu’an, whom President Xi helped to get homes on land, to herders in Inner Mongolia, farmers in Ningxia and Gansu, and villagers in remote Tibet,Yunnan and Guangxi, lives had changed because of concrete and consistent plans implemented by local leaders who took their task of fulfilling the Chinese Dream seriously. But eradicating poverty is easier said than done, especially when one must juggle economic, cultural, and environment issues.
In addition to making economic achievements, China has also made great progress in environmental protection.
In Inner Mongolia, for example, the government struggles to improve local people’s lives while letting them retain traditional practices, yet over-grazing by sheep has led to desertification. Both the government and people have proven to be creative. One mother I interviewed cut back on her livestock’s grazing but earned enough from selling traditional Inner Mongolian snacks that she could send her daughter to Xiamen University!
根据用户间的相似度可以获取目标用户的最近邻居集合，并将其相似性作为权重预测目标用户对未评分项目的评分，故目标用户Ui 对项目i 的评分Put,i 预测如式（3）所示：
Greening While Growing
4.氧气的含量在三元催化器之前一般低于2%～3%；三元催化器之后一般低于1%。如果氧气含量高于标准数值，一般说明空燃比太稀，可能接近于缺火的空燃比。一旦排气管漏气或者二次空气喷射，任何错误的空气进入排气系统都会人为增加氧气含量，降低其他气体的含量，增加汽油的消耗。如果配合其他气体分析，氧气含量高不一定就是混合汽过稀，比如氧气含量高，碳氢含量低，一氧化碳含量低，一般为混合汽过稀；氧气含量高，碳氢含量高，一氧化碳含量高，一定是混合汽过浓。
In addition to making economic achievements,China has also made great progress in environmental protection.
有递减规律的三种情况：一是区块产量有明显规律，直接拟合递减率；二是区块产量没有明显递减规律，但平均单井产量有明显递减规律的取平均单井产量递减率；三是与开发历史背景及开发方式结合，分阶段、分构成、分开发方式拟合递减规律。
Every city I went to was so clean,and the countryside too. Districts and cities like Nanjing, Qingdao, Beijing’s Dongcheng District, Xiamen, Quanzhou,and Shanghai’s Songjiang District, which I had helped to win the international livable city competition, had not only modernized, but at the same time they had made the environment even better.But today, China not only has garden cities but also garden countrysides.
From a humanitarian standpoint,it was impressive, but as a business professor, I wondered how the government would ever recoup such massive investments in remote, sparsely populated areas. I finally realized that China’s leadership had a very farsighted perspective on poverty alleviation. The ancients said, “Give a hungry person a fish and they eat one day; teach them to fish and they eat for a lifetime.” Simply doling money to such a large population would not address the root of poverty,and might make it even worse if people became dependent upon aid. Improved infrastructure and living conditions,however, gave people hope of lifting themselves out of poverty.
China’s Secret
My 20,000-kilometer trip in 2019 showed me that China is indeed on track to eradicate poverty-but what is China’s secret to achieving a dream that has eluded all other nations?
In 1731, English politician Eustace Budgell said that China was famous for great inventions - but it most excelled,above all nations, in “the art of government.” History shows that China has survived the ages because it has always had farsighted leadership, but that’s only one part of China’s secret. Great leaders also need capable followers. There’s little point in teaching how to fish if the pupil can’t or won’t fish. As one farmer told me, “The government understands our needs and has good policies, but good policies can’t help if we don’t do our own part!”
After dozens of interviews around China, I’m convinced that China is great because it has both farsighted top-down leadership and bottom-up innovation by the people. For example, Lin Zhengjia,the Pingtan boy who had no shoes until he was a teen and studied martial arts to give himself self-confidence, worked as a fisherman, and as a common laborer he saw ways to improve tunnel construction, pulled together a team, and is today a billionaire and global leader in tunneling. He participated in building China’s first undersea tunnel, and the world’s highest tunnel in Tibet. And though he has often told me he is uncultured because he studied only four years, he is a philanthropist, facilitating education for disadvantaged youth in many provinces.
Bill begins his trip again from Changle in Fujian Province, interviewing local people to see if their lives have really changed.
New China also owes its success to people like the teacher from northeast China who for over 30 years has taught in remote Gansu, and gives much of her small salary to needy students, many of whom have gone on to college and helped to build their country. And I was moved by the story of XMU’s first Tibetan alumni, Yeshe Tenzin, who has studied in Beijing, Singapore, and the U.S. but turned down many opportunities abroad, determined to return to his homeland to teach at Tibet University. I was also very moved by the story of Hu Min, CEO of the New Channel International Education Group - a teacher who in 14 years has opened over 300 schools in over 40 cities, with over 100,000 students each year.
Hu Min’s personal motto is, “I will persist until I succeed,” but this must be China’s motto as well. There is no other explanation for why China is the only ancient great nation that has not only survived but thrived to this day.
In 1919, exactly a century ago, a Western missionary Mary Gamewell wrote in her book New Life Currents in China, “China is not like ancient Egypt,whose greatness has departed though she still lives on. China is a vital force whose largest possibilities of development lie before and not behind her. A new fresh life is beginning to course through the nation’s veins....”
Today, China’s possibilities are greater than ever, and her success at eradicating poverty offers the hope of a fresh new life, not only for Chinese but for other peoples. All people, after all, are dreamers - dreaming of a better, safer world for our descendants.
Scan the QR code for China Today’s interview video with Bill Brown.
BILL BROWN is a professor at Xiamen University.
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