延边大学附属医院
摘要:肺癌是全世界范围内死亡率最高的癌症,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占80%。目前的治疗策略集中到分子靶向治疗。其中,表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)在NSCLC治疗方面取得突破性进展。然而,即使是最初对EGFR-TKI反应良好的患者最终不可避免都会对其产生耐药。对于EGFR-TKIs耐药机制的探索已成为国内外研究的热点,本文就EGFR-TKI耐药机制的研究进展进行了综述。
关键词:肺肿瘤;EGFR;EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;耐药
【Abstract】Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with non-samll cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 80% of lung cancers.Therapeutic strategies for NSCLC have focused on the development of molecular targeted agents.Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)have achieved a great success in the trearment of NSCLC.However,almost all NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations who show response to EGFR-TKI ultimately develop resistence to EGFR-TKIs.The research about resistance mechanism of NSCLC to EGFR-TKIs is a hot one because of their excellent effects on improving overall and progression-free survival.Tha aim of this article was to summarize the development the resistance mechanisms.
【key words】lung neoplasms;EGFR;EGFR-TKIs;Resintan
1.前言
肺癌是全球最常见并且死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中约80%的肺癌为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),靶向治疗已逐渐应用于NSCLC的一线治疗[1-3]。其中,表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)对晚期NSCLC患者有突出作用。几项前瞻性研究表明,70%-75%具有EGFR突变的患者对EGFR-TKI反应良好[4,5]。即使是最初对EGFR-TKI反应良好的患者最终不可避免都会对其产生耐药。因此,有必要探索EGFR-TKIs耐药机制并加以克服。本文归纳总结了现有对EGFR-TKIs耐药机制的研究,对其现况及进展进行综述。
2.原发性耐药
原发性耐药即患者首次使用EGFR-TKIs治疗就对其产生耐药。
2.1EGFR耐药突变
肺癌中表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变主要发生在胞内编码结构域(外显子18-21),90%为外显子19的的缺失突变(delE746-A750)和外显子21点突变(L858R)[6,7],该突变与对EGFR-TKIs的敏感性有关。
2.2PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活
EGFR的药敏突变导致对EGFR-TKIs耐药可能是因为存在影响下游通道信号的基因突变。有研究[8]表明,PTEN的表达下调或缺失也与NSCLC的获得性耐药有关,但尚无临床上的证据支持。同时,有研究[9]发现PIK3CA突变在有EGFR突变的肺癌患者中发生率为1.3%,而在没有EGFR突变的患者中的发生率为2.1%。
2.3KRAS突变
EGFR下游的KRAS是其重要的信号转导通道,突变后的KRAS的KRAS基因不依赖上游EGFR的活化,而是直接激活MAPK信号通道,导致肿瘤进展、转移等[10]。
3.获得性耐药
获得性耐药是指患者在EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中或停药30天内疾病出现进展。
3.1 EGFR二次突变
T790M突变是NSCLC患者中最常见的EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药基因突变,其突变位点在20外显子,即酪氨酸激酶活化域的790位点上的苏氨酸被蛋氨酸取代。约50%获得性耐药的EGFR突变患者存在T790M突变[11,12]。
3.2 NSCLC向小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)的组织学转变
Sequist等[13]研究报道,在37例EGFR-TKIs耐药的NSCLC肿瘤组织中出现了5例向SCLC组织学类型的转变,该机制尚不清楚。
3.3 c-Met基因扩增
HGF是c-Met的配体,c-Met编码HGF酪氨酸激酶受体的跨膜区。2007年,由Engelman等[14]首次提出原癌基因c-Met的扩增是EGFR-TKIs的耐药机制之一。HGF不仅可以导致原发性耐药,也能引起EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药。
4.结语
EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗与传统放化疗相比具有更大的优势,已应用于NSCLC一线治疗。
期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆从基因学角度筛选EGFR敏感型突变患者,能够使患者得到更好的治疗。但是,原发性和获得性耐药现象不可避免的使靶向治疗进一步应用受到限制,但是随着研究的不断深入,EGFR-TKIs耐药机制终将得到全面的阐释,最终达到进一步提高EGFR-TKIs疗效的目的
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论文作者:崔晶刚,安昌善(通讯作者)
论文发表刊物:《健康世界》2015年10期供稿
论文发表时间:2016/1/19
标签:突变论文; 酪氨酸论文; 肺癌论文; 获得性论文; 患者论文; 激酶论文; 机制论文; 《健康世界》2015年10期供稿论文;