高中英语阅读教学设计实例_教学设计论文

高中英语阅读课的教学设计例谈,本文主要内容关键词为:教学设计论文,英语阅读论文,高中论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

任何一种教学设计都可以概括为三个问题:教什么和学什么;如何教和如何学;教得怎样和学得怎样。阅读教学在高中英语教学中占有重要的地位,高中英语阅读的教学目的是通过阅读教学来培养学生阅读策略,特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。下面以人教版NSEFC必修模块5 Unit 1 Great scientists中Reading部分为例,探讨如何采用活动途径,设计阅读教学。

一、阅读教学设计的基本原则

首先把阅读作为一个整体来教。阅读即阅读语篇,不是bottom-up,而是要top-down,要从global到more specific,而不是只见树木,不见森林。所以教师要把阅读文本作为一个整体来教,让活动贯穿始终。基于这一理念,教师应把阅读教学设计为以下三个部分:

其次,还要注意以下几点小原则:活动有利于概括主题,捕捉细节等阅读策略的培养;活动设计既要能把握学生“最近发展区”,让学生“跳一跳”就能摘到“桃子”,又要有挑战性;活动要以学生为主体,由浅入深,并注重各教学环节的衔接;活动能重视问题情景创设,有利于师生、生生互动和学生合作学习,从而形成积极的情感态度。

二、读前的教学设计

阅读前激活学生头脑中先前知识非常重要,对背景知识了解的多少在一定程度上影响学生对课文的理解。

1.小组竞赛

笔者对人教版NSEFC必修模块5 Unit 1 Great scientists中warming up部分进行了改编:把原来问答题改成了配对,把科学家的成就用汉语呈现,旨在从学生已知生活经验出发,把握学生的“最近发展区”,降低交际的难度,快速激活大脑的图式,分享经验和知识。把学生分成两大组,通过抢答的方式了解世界著名的科学家和他们的成就,为下一步阅读做好了铺垫。

Activity:Ask Ss what you know about great scientists.Show the following on the screen and let Ss match the scientists with their achievements.

Divide the class into two groups and have acompetition

遗传学Archimedes

电Charles Darwin

浮力定理 Thomas Newcomen

镭Gregor Mendel

进化论Marie Curie

画家 Thomas Edison

蒸汽机Leonardo de Vinci

矿工安全灯Sir Humphry Davy

黑洞理论 Zhang Heng

地动仪John Snow

霍乱 Stephen Hawking

T:Ok! You did a good job in your competition.Another two questions:How much do you know about John Snow? And what do you know about the disease cholera?

S1:John Snow is a well-known doctor.

S2:Cholera is a infectious disease.

S3:Cholera is a kind of terrible disease that was very difficult to defeat.

T:Clever ideas! It was John Snow who defeated the disease cholera.If We want to learn more about John Snow and cholera,let's look at the reading.

2.预测(Predicting)

学生大脑的图式被激活后,笔者让学生读课文的标题和课文中的插图来预测,并通过小组合作方式引导学生主动探究文章的内容,从而培养了学生发散性思维和语言表达能力,为下一步学习阅读内容做好了准备。

Activity:

Ask the students to read the title of the passage and the map to predict the contents of the text.

T:What do you know about the text from the title?

S1:How Dr.John Snow defeated "king cholera".

T:Do you know what this map was used for in 1854?

S2:It was used for finding out the cause of cholera.

三、读中教学设计

阅读中教学设计包括输入、内化和输出三大部分(Input;Transition devices;Output)。因此,笔者为学生设计了信息转换语言学习活动,帮助学生获取和处理信息。根据不同体裁的文章,教师应设计不同的阅读活动。如可以设计记笔记、填表、画图、排序、补全信息、判断真伪、分清文中事实和观点等活动。

1.Matching topics with the parts of the text

笔者整体输入了阅读材料,引导学生使用skimming快速阅读课文,从段落中找出主题句,旨在提高阅读速度,培养学生的略读技巧和概括文章内容的能力。这一活动帮助学生获取了本文的主要信息。这篇文章分为四个部分。但是笔者提供了五段段落大意,旨在增加活动的挑战性。

Activity:Divide the passage into four parts.Read fast to match each part with the main idea by skimming the whole passage and check whether your guesses are correct.

Part

Main idea

Part 1(para 1)A.The method of testing theories

Part 2(para 2)B.Two theories explaining the cause of cholera

Part 3(para 3-5) C.Evidence for cholera

Part 4(para 6)D.Conclusion

E.Brief introduction to John Snow and cholera

2.Making out the text structure

在学生获取了本文的主要信息后,笔者针对课文设计了流程图,旨在指导学生弄清文章的脉络和篇章布局,进一步理解文章的主题。

Activity:Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

S:I think C is right,because Para 1 is an introduction to John Snow and cholera.Para 2 shows us two theories explaining the cause of cholera,Para 3-5 deals with the method of testing theories,the three paragraphs are equal,Para 6 is the conclusion,So C is right.

3.Reading for detailed information

笔者设计此活动旨在提供部分输入输出阅读材料的机会,引导学生带着问题细读课文,重温文章的内容,了解重点细节,并验证了上一环节预测,使学生的思路更加清楚,前后呼应。

Activity:Read part 3(para 3-5) and try to answer the following questions.

T:Which theory did John Snow believe in?

S:The second theory.

T:Read the map again and check the answer of the question:Do you know what this map was used for in 1854?

S:John Snow used the map to collect and analyze data to find the cause of the disease and solved it.

4.Reading for sorting the information

文章的题材、体裁不同,活动教学设计形式要做相应的变化。例如:对人物介绍类的文章可以设计填写表格。本课主要介绍英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察、分析、探究的科学方法,发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的,是一篇科学报告(叙事说明文),教师要鼓励学生感悟科学家的周密观察,勇于探索,认真分析的科学精神,使学生感悟科学发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。为了对课文的信息进行归类,使学生初步了解得出科学观点所需的过程,检测学生对课文和结构的理解程度,笔者设计如下活动(原来的Para 3在下面分为Para 3 and Para 4):

Activity:Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea.After reading the passage,put the correct stages into the text about the research into the disease.

draw a conclusion

think of a method

make up a question find supporting evidence

find a problem analyze the results

collect results repeat if necessary

Para.1 Find a problem

Para.2 Make up a question

Para.3 Think of a method

Para.4 Collect results

Para.5 Analyze the results

Para.6 Find supporting evidence

Para.7 Draw a conclusion

5.Assessment

通过同伴讨论活动培养合作精神,引导学生了解科学报告的写作风格。

Activity:Let the students find out what made John Snow successful and what is the writing style of this text.

This passage is written as a report.So it does not use informal language or vivid descriptions.It keeps to the facts.

四、读后教学设计

读后活动可以是组织学生开展形式多样的检测活动,可以是复述所读内容,角色扮演、辩论、改写、续尾等活动,总而言之是对课文中所学的知识和所获信息的拓展和运用。这一阶段教师的教学设计重点应放在培养学生思维能力上,有效促进所学知识的保持和迁移。

1.复述

复述课文可以训练学生的各种思维品质,提高学生口语表达能力,强化和巩固所学的知识。

Activity:Ask Ss to retell the text by the form below.

Problem

Cause

Method

Result

Idea 1 or Idea 2 why?

2.讨论

下面问题的设置基于课文内容,但又不局限于课文,目的是巩固所学的知识,培养学生自主学习的能力和探究精神。

Activity:

What kind of man is John Snow? Describe him in a few sentences.

Get more information about John Snow and cholera from the Internet.

五、结语

教学设计没有一个固定的模式,但其实质依次是目标、策略(途径和方法)、评价三个方面的问题。教师只有在教学实践中不断努力,把握教学设计的实质,探索教学的新途径,才能充分体现新课改关注学生的学习过程;以学生为主体的设计理念,提高课堂教学的实效。

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高中英语阅读教学设计实例_教学设计论文
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