血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体及抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体测定在结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用论文_王春霞1(通讯作者),张轶华2

(1.北京首都医科大学大兴医院 检验科 102600);

(2.北京首都医科大学大兴医院 病理科 102600)

【摘 要】目的:通过对查体及超声发现甲状腺结节并行甲状腺手术且经病理证实为结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌的患者血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-TgAb)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-TPOAb)水平进行回顾性分析,旨在探讨血清anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb在甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的意义。方法:用电化学发光法测定312例结节性甲状腺肿患者、328例甲状腺癌患者及323例健康体检者血清anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb水平,各组间阳性率比较采用X2检验。结果:在312例结节性甲状腺肿患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率分别为8.33%及12.50%;328例甲状腺癌患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率分别为19.51%及21.95%;正常对照组323例,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率分别为5.89%及11.76%。甲状腺癌患者组anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率明显高于结节性甲状腺肿患者组及正常对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);结节性甲状腺肿患者组与正常对照组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb检测在甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中有一定的临床意义,可作为甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断的一项重要指标。

【关键词】抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体;抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体;结节性甲状腺肿;甲状腺癌

【中图分类号】R736.1 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1003-5028(2015)7-0214-01

An application of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody determinations in differential diagnoses of nodular goiter and thyroid cancer

Chunxia Wang Yihua Zhang

(Clinical Laboratory, Daxing Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 102600)

【Abstract】Objective:To explore the significance of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TgAb) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody(anti-TPOAb)in differential diagnoses of thyroid cancer and nodular goiter by retrospective analysis of serum anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb levels in patients who have received physical examination and ultrasound examination, which found thyroid nodules, and thyroid surgeries, of which pathological examinations confirmed nodular goiter and thyroid cancer. Method:Serum anti-TgAb, anti-TPOAb levels were determined in 312 nodular goiter patients, 328 thyroid cancer patients and 323 healthy persons for checkup by using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Result:In 312 nodular goiter patients, anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb positive rates were 8.33% and 12.50%, respectively; in 328 thyroid cancer patients, anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb positive rates were 19.51% and 21.95%, respectively; in 323 persons in normal control group, anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb positive rates were 5.89% and 11.76%, respectively. Anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb positive rates in thyroid cancer patient group were significantly higher than those in nodular goiter patient group and normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05); there was no significant difference between nodular goiter patient group and normal control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion:Anti-TgAb and anti-TPOAb joint examination has certain clinical significance in differential diagnoses of thyroid cancer and nodular goiter, and can be used as an important indicator for differential diagnoses of thyroid cancer and nodular goiter.

【Keywords】anti-thyroglobulin antibody; anti-thyroperoxidase antibody; nodular goiter; thyroid cancer

结节性甲状腺肿(nodular goiter,NG)和甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer,TC)是内分泌系统常见病和多发病。流行病学调查显示一般人群甲状腺可触及结节的检出率约为5%,超声检查的检出率为19~67%[1]。甲状腺结节中有5%~15%的患者诊断为甲状腺癌[2]。近年来我国甲状腺癌的发病率有增高趋势。由于良恶性甲状腺结节的临床症状非常相似,多以无痛性结节为主要表现,因此判定甲状腺结节的性质对患者的治疗具有重要意义。血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-thyrogloblin antibody,anti-TgAb)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-thyroperoxidase antibody,anti-TPOAb)是重要的抗甲状腺自身抗体,其异常增高常见于桥本病(Hashimoto disease,HD)等自身免疫性甲状腺疾病,但近些年来甲状腺自身抗体在甲状腺癌中的作用越来越受到关注,因此,本文通过对查体及超声发现甲状腺结节并行甲状腺手术且经病理证实为结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌的患者血清anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb水平进行回顾性分析,旨在探讨血清anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb在甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的意义。

1 材料和方法

1.1 对象

自2012年2月至2014年10月在首都医科大学大兴医院普外科门诊查体及超声发现甲状腺结节,并住院行甲状腺手术切除后经病理诊断为结节性甲状腺肿患者312例,男48例,女234例,平均年龄50.38+12.08岁;甲状腺癌患者328例,男88例,女240例,平均年龄50.39+11.52岁。正常对照组323例,男84例,女239例,平均年龄39.88+14.05岁,为排除甲状腺及其他疾病的本院健康体检者。

1.2 方法

所有患者于术前采集清晨空腹静脉血,分离血清后使用贝克曼DXI800全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪测定血清anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb水平,所用试剂、定标液及质控品均为贝克曼配套产品。anti-TgAb和anti-TPOAb正常参考值分别为0~4IU/ml,0~9 IU/ml。阳性判定标准为:anti-TgAb>4IU/ml,anti-TPOAb>9IU/ml。

1.3 统计学方法

实验数据采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析。组间阳性率比较采用X2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

在312例结节性甲状腺肿患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性例数分别为26例及39例,阳性率分别为8.33%及12.50%,328例甲状腺癌患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性例数分别为64例及72例,阳性率分别为19.51%及21.95%,正常对照组323例,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性例数分别为19例及38例,阳性率分别为5.89%及11.76%。甲状腺癌患者组anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率明显高于结节性甲状腺肿患者组及正常对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);结节性甲状腺肿患者组与正常对照组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。

3 讨论

目前对于甲状腺结节本身发生恶性改变的诊断较为困难,常用的评估甲状腺结节的检查手段有甲状腺超声检查、甲状腺核素显像、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平测定以及细针穿刺抽吸活检方法等[3]。其中以细针穿刺抽吸活检方法的诊断结果最为准确,但也有一定的局限性,对于15~30%的病例,细针穿刺抽吸活检方法不能提供确切的诊断[4]。探寻合理而有效的辅助检查方法来及时确诊结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌,对于患者接受正确的治疗方式、改善远期预后情况具有积极的临床价值。

血清anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb是重要的抗甲状腺自身抗体,与甲状腺组织的损伤有密切的关系,从而造成各种甲状腺疾病。anti-TgAb是甲状腺滤泡内的甲状腺球蛋白(TG)进入血液后产生的抗体,可以和甲状腺球蛋白结合后,通过Fc受体与结合的抗体相互作用激活NK细胞,攻击靶细胞,破坏甲状腺细胞。anti-TPOAb是甲状腺激素合成过程中的关键酶诱发自身免疫系统产生的自身抗体,为多克隆IgG类抗体,通过激活补体和抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(ADCC)对甲状腺造成免疫性损害。近年来相关的研究发现,anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb除了参与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病外,还在甲状腺癌的发病过程中发挥重要作用[5]。本研究比较了结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌患者anti-TgAb、anti-TPOAb的表达情况,在312例结节性甲状腺肿患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性例数分别为26例及39例,阳性率分别为8.33%及12.50%,328例甲状腺癌患者中,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性例数分别为64例及72例,阳性率分别为19.51%及21.95%,甲状腺癌患者anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb阳性率明显高于结节性甲状腺肿患者,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与张明峰等的研究结果一致[6]。

综上所述,anti-TgAb及anti-TPOAb检测在甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中有一定的临床意义,可作为甲状腺癌及结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断的一项重要指标。

参考文献:

[1]曹学民,王文艳.甲状腺球蛋白及抗体测定对结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌的鉴别诊断意义[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2011,26(1):78-79

[2]Cooper DS,Doherty GM,Haugen BR,et al.Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer:The American Thyroid Association (ATA)Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer[J].Thyroid,2009,19(11):1167-1214.

[3]辛向红.甲状腺球蛋白表达在结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌诊治中的意义[J].重庆医学,2012,41(21):2172-2173

[4]于世鹏,郭焕,班博,等.甲状腺过氧化物酶mRNA在甲状腺结节中的表达及意义[J].中国医疗前沿,2008,18(3):22-24

[5]Inaba H,Suzuki S,Takeda T,et al.Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis with thyroid papillary cancer in multinodular goiter:case report[J].Med Princ Pract,2012,21(2):190-192.

[6]张明峰,胡宇,周国艳,等.血清甲状腺抗体与甲状腺癌风险的相关性分析[J].中华全科医学,2014,12(3):356-358

作者简介:

王春霞,女,1978年生,硕士,主管检验师,主要从事临床检验工作

通讯作者:

王春霞

论文作者:王春霞1(通讯作者),张轶华2

论文发表刊物:《河南中医》2015年7月供稿

论文发表时间:2015/10/21

标签:;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  

血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体及抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体测定在结节性甲状腺肿及甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用论文_王春霞1(通讯作者),张轶华2
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