情境教学策略在语法——IF虚拟语气中的运用论文_李小小

情境教学策略在语法——IF虚拟语气中的运用论文_李小小

李小小(宜昌市葛洲坝中学 湖北 宜昌 443000)

摘要:本文通过教学案例分析如何应用情境教学策略,自主地创设情境,优化情境教学策略,使学生能够轻松愉快地学习语法。

关键词:情境教学策略 IF虚拟语气

中图分类号:G688.2文献标识码:A文章编号:ISSN0257-2826(2019)10-024-02

传统的高中英语语法教学往往是这样:老师反复讲解语法规则,学生机械地操练语法练习,结果是老师讲得天花乱坠,学生听得昏昏欲睡,这种高耗低效的的语法课无疑会让学生觉得索然无味,久而久之学生会对学习语法甚至学习英语失去兴趣和信心。为了改变这种现状,我们教师在教学中应尽可能地创设情境,避免生硬、碎片化的知识传授。在教学中运用情境,不仅能让我们的课堂生动有趣,还能引发学生的认知冲突,激发学生主动学习的愿望和参与活动的热情。

语言学习离不开情境和实践,《普通高中英语课程标准》明确提出高中英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用,进一步发展英语语法意识。著名教育心理学家布鲁姆曾指出:“成功的外语课堂教学应当在课内创设更多的情境,让学生有机会运用已学到的语言材料。”因此,在教学中,教师应重视在合适的语境中呈现新的语法知识,在语境中指导学生观察所学语法项目的使用场合、表达形式、基本意义和语用功能,并通过课内外和信息化环境下的练习和活动,巩固所学语法知识,在语境中帮助学生学会应用语法知识理解和表达,引导学生不断加强准确、恰当、得体地使用语言形式的意识。在练习和活动的选择和设计上,教师应根据学生实际需求,围绕“形式----意义----使用”采用和设计不同类型的学习实践活动,以既有层次又强调整合的多种教学活动来引导学生发展英语语法意识和能力。

本文通过教学案例——虚拟语气在IF条件从句中的运用(笔者参加比赛的课堂摘录,师生首次互动),分析如何应用情境教学策略,自主地创设情境,把握好情境的趣味性、交际性、真实性原则,优化情境教学策略,使学生能够轻松愉快地学习语法、理解语法、体验语法和运用语法。

教学过程:

I.Discovery(情境导入)

笔者在讲解IF引导的虚拟条件句时使用真实的问题导入,很快就拉近了师生之间的距离,吸引学生迅速投入到本节课主题语法学习中。通过与学生积极互动,引导学生感悟,力求在真实的语境中渗透语法知识,使学生学会如何在真实场景中运用语法。

Teacher:Good morning, boys and girls. Nice to meet you here. I feel it a great honor to give you a lesson today. With so many teachers around, are you nervous?

Students: No.

Teacher: But I am. If I were your teacher, I wouldn’t be so nervous.

接着,笔者通过PPT在黑板上呈现一组对比的句子让学生判断哪句是事实,哪句是虚拟。

Compare and discover:

There are 63 students in our class.

If I were your teacher, I wouldn’t be so nervous.

学生很容易得出结论,句1是事实,句2是虚拟。通过对比,笔者很自然地引导学生进入本节语法课的主题:虚拟语气在if条件从句中的运用。接着笔者追问学生是不是IF条件状语从句都要用虚拟语气,因为IF条件状语从句是初中语法知识,学生都知道在条件状语从句中“主将从现”的原则,所以果断地说不是。然后笔者通过呈现两张图片,以看图填空的形式帮助学生巩固IF条件状语从句在真实语境中的使用。

接着,笔者又在黑板上呈现一组句子让学生观察比较。

Compare and discover:

If I have $1 million, I will buy a new car.

If I had $1 million, I would buy a new car.

通过比较,得出结论:当IF条件句是真实的条件时,主句就是可能发生的事,主从句时态符合“主将从现”原则;当IF条件句是非真实的条件时,主句就是不大可能发生的事,主从句时态就要用相应的虚拟语气。

通过上述步骤,学生认识到IF引导的状语从句在真实和非真实条件下用法不同。

这时笔者适时地抛给学生一个问题:What would you do if you had a million dollars? 并要求学生用“If I had a million dollars, I would …”来回答。笔者话音刚落,学生就纷纷举手,踊跃发言,同学们精彩的回答赢得了阵阵掌声,也将课堂推向第一个高潮。

II. Find the rules

通过情境导入与发现环节,学生对虚拟语气在IF条件从句中的运用有了初步认识,接着笔者播放了一首优美的歌曲《If I Had a Million Dollars》,笔者将歌词中使用虚拟语气的地方都以填空的形式呈现,要求学生边听歌边填空,在优美的旋律中,学生轻松愉快地完成了任务。

Listen and complete the lyrics:

If I _____ a million dollars ( If I ____ a million dollars),

I _________ you a house ( I _________ you a house);

__ I had a million dollars ( __ I had a million dollars),

I’ _______furniture for your house ( Maybe a nice Chesterfield(长沙发) or an ottoman(褥榻));

If I had a million dollars ( If I had a million dollars),

I _________ you a K-car ( A nice reliant automobile);

If I had a million dollars, I _________________.

接着,笔者让学生阅读语篇The If Generation,要求学生在语篇中划出使用了虚拟语气的句子。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆

The If Generation

Nowadays, many people have problems in appreciating what they have. We are the If Generation, because we keep saying what we would do ‘If’ …

When I was young, I thought that if I had had enough money, I should have bought more toys. When I grew up, I thought if I had taken my teachers’ advice, I could have been admitted to a key university. If I had been admitted to a key university, I might have enjoyed a brighter life.

Now I couldn’t help imaging the new ‘Ifs’. I think that if I had more time, I would get a good sleep. I even ask myself what my life would be like if I were not a teacher. Results? I always complain about one thing or another, and my life isn’t becoming any better.

Are you one of us?

通过这两个步骤,学生能对虚拟语气在IF条件从句中的运用有了进一步的认识,笔者要求学生根据认知归纳总结虚拟语气在IF条件从句中的运用规律并进行展示。

Features

Time

If clause

Main clause

Past

Present

同学自信而正确的展示充分说明了笔者上述情境的创设是成功而有效的。同学们对本节课的语法知识:虚拟语气在if条件从句中的运用规律有了真正的体验与认知,相信他们的印象一定会更深刻。

III.Practice makes perfect.

当同学们对虚拟语气在IF条件从句中的运用规律有了正确的认识以后,笔者又设计了三个练习对学生进行巩固训练。按照学生的认知规律,笔者将练习分层递进,逐步引导学生由易到难、由简到繁循序渐进,切实提高学习的自我效能感。

第一个练习是单句填空,学生按照上述规律很容易给出正确答案。

与现在事实相反:

1.If I _______(win) the lottery(彩票), I __________________ (travel) around the world.

2.If I _____(be) the headmaster, I _________________(let) the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.

与过去事实相反:

3.If I ____________(get) up earlier, I _____________________ (catch) the school bus.

4.If I ____________(take) part in the competition, I ____________________ (set) a new school record.

第二个练习是为经典影片《Titanic》设计台词。在学生思考的时候,笔者播放主题曲《My Heart Will Go On》,完成后笔者请同学们分角色配乐朗读。同学们动情的表演感染了在场的所有师生,大家不自觉地给他们鼓掌,进而将本节课推向第二个高潮。

Jack: Rose, if I __________(not win) the ticket, I wouldn’t have been on board.

If I hadn’t been on board, I _________________ (not meet) you.

If I __________(not met) you, I _________________(not find) the love of my life.

So winning the ticket was the luckiest thing that had happened to me.

Rose: Jack, if we _____(live), we would live a happy life.

If we both _____(live), nothing would separate us.

当同学们还沉浸在经典影片和优美音乐带来的美好情境中时,笔者向同学们抛出第三个练习——读经典节选《Three Days to See》,完成阅读任务。

Three Days to See

----adapted from Three Days to See by Helen Keller

Recently I was visited by a friend who had just returned from a walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had seen. “Nothing in particular,” she replied, “If I had known you would ask me, I ________________________(observe) carefully.”

I’m only allowed to imagine how beautiful the world would be. If, by some miracle, I ______(be) like you, who could see everything clearly, I _____________(want) to see the people whose kindness has made my life worth living. I would also view the small simple things of my home. I _______________(not be) able to sleep, so full would my mind be of the memories of the world.

If I ______(be) the president of a university, I would establish(建立) a course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. _____ I were the professor, I ____________ (try) to show my students how they could appreciate the beauty of life by fully seeing them.

If you ______(be) me, how would you use your own eyes? I’m sure if you had known you would die soon, you ______________________(not waste) your time. So use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. Hear the music as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Smell the perfume of flowers, as if you would never smell them again.

笔者通过情境的运用,引导学生在不同的情境中灵活运用他们所学的知识,这种在实际情境中进行的学习,不但使学生能言能语,而且大大提升了教学质量,使本节课的语法教学有效得到落实。在笔者的精心设计下,丰富、有趣、层层递进的“料”有条不紊地被一一“爆出”,一环扣一环,因为与学生的生活、认知、环境和思想联系紧密,很容易引起授课班级学生的共鸣、兴趣和积极情感,学生的主体性的充分展示赋予了课堂活力。学生在笔者的引领下自然而然地走向笔者想要学生达到的境界,本节课的教学目标基本达成。

IV.Presentation

在展示环节,笔者要求学生运用本节课学的语法知识造句接龙,第一个同学完成句子后,第二个同学必须以他的结尾句作为IF条件句进行接龙,并依次进行下去,以6人为单位分组进行。最后笔者让每个小组都上台展示他们积极准备的成果,同学们热情的参与和大胆的展示将本节课推向第三个高潮。

学生展示在一定程度上促进课堂在传统的“输入式”基础上增加了“输出式”的有益成分。学生展示强调思维外化,为明确“学习是否发生”与衡量“学习是否有效”提供了可能。教师把课堂交给学生,通过展示,学生使用IF条件句即兴造句接龙,进而促成课堂上的精彩生成,在情境创设的氛围中不经意间产生思维碰撞的火花。

本节课笔者以视听+思考+游戏+情感熏陶的课堂教学模式,创建和谐的语言氛围和环境,并配置大量感性与电化材料相结合的教学手段,设计学生喜闻乐见并能主动参与的语言交际活动,化解重难点,使语法教学有声有色,生动逼真,极大地激发了学生的学习兴趣,充分调动了学生学习语法的积极性,获得了良好的效果。教师在语法教学中应做到沈冬梅(2012)总结时说的“源于生活,真实性赋予语言生命;回归语用,关联性能有助语言内化;听说读写,多样性综合提高能力;能言能语,适切性提高活动效果;关注学生,主体性赋予课堂活力。”

总之,语法教学中教师如果能从学生实际的认知水平和心理特点出发,将语法知识与语言情境相结合,熟练掌握语法的针对性和以学生为主体的教学模式,通过创设生动形象的课堂情境激起学生的学习兴趣,引导学生将学到的语法知识灵活的应用到实际的语言交流中,最终达到妙解高中英语语法之效果。

参考文献:

《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》.

张道真.使用英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2005.

论文作者:李小小

论文发表刊物:《教学与研究》2019年10期

论文发表时间:2019/11/13

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情境教学策略在语法——IF虚拟语气中的运用论文_李小小
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