主谓一致小结，本文主要内容关键词为：主谓论文,小结论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
处理主谓一致有三条原则：1)语法一致；2)意义一致；3)就近原则，但这三种原则的具体使用，情况比较复杂。笔者将其归纳为三类，便于学生理解和记忆。
一、谓语动词采用单数形式
1.有些以-s结尾的名词（如：news,mathematics,physics,politics），因在意义上是单数，所以谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：The news is exciting.
Physics is one of the most difficult subjects for me.
2.如果主语是一个表示抽象概念的不定式，动名词或名词性从句时，谓语动词都采用单数形式。
如：To say something is one thing and to do it is another.
Whether he comes or not doesn't matter.
Reading English magazines and novels is helpful to our English study.
3.如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,together with,as well as,no less than,like,but,except等引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：The teacher,as well as some students,is coming.
Nobody but Tom and Mary was in the classroom just now.
4.由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，因此谓语动词都采用单数形式。
如：Is everybody here?
There is nothing but a card in the box.
5.如果主语由：“each(either,neither)＋of＋名词或代词的复数”结构担任时，谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：Has either of them told you?
Each of the students in our class likes reading the book.
6.如果主语是由“many a/more than one＋单数名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，谓语动词仍采用单数形式。
如：Many a student is on the playground.
More than one of us has been to Beijing.
7.在“each…and each”，“every…and every”或“no…and no”连接两个或两个以上的单数名词等结构之后，谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：Each man and each woman was asked to help.
8.如果主语是人名，国名，书名或组织机构名称时，即使是复数形式，谓语动词通常采用单数形式。
如：The United States was founded in 1945.
The Arabrian Nights is a popular reading.
9.成对的名词作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：There is knife and fork on the table.
Bread and butter is daily food in the West.
10.“One and a half＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：One and a half years has passed.
二、谓语动词采用复数形式
1.有些指多数人或物的名词（如：people,police,cattle），单数形式具有复数意义，谓语动词采用复数形式。
如：The police are looking for the lost boy.
Cattle live on grass.
2.不可数名词前面如有表数量的名词，后面常跟复数动词作谓语。
如：There are three bottles of ink on the desk.
Three million tons of coal were exported last year.
3.“One or two＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词采用复数形式。
如：One or two persons agree with him.
4.few或a few作主语，谓语动词采用复数形式。
如：Few of us like the book.
There used to be many apples on the tree but now there are a few left.
三、谓语动词用单数还是复数，要看情形而定
1.what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代词作主语，谓语动词可以是单数形式，也可以是复数形式，主要靠意思决定。
如：Which is your room?Which are your rooms?
All are here.Let's begin the meeting.
All is ready.Let's begin the meeting.
2.在“It is＋名词或代词＋that/who＋…”的强调句中，谓语动词要与所强调的名词或代词一致。
如：It is I who am on duty today.
It is Tom that is ill.
3.如果主语是“the＋形容词或分词”结构作主语，用来表示一类人，谓语动词要用复数形式，用来表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The old are taken good care of in our country.
The injured was a good friend of his.
The good in him overweights the bad.
4.两个主语用and连接时，谓语动词一般用复数。
如：My brother and I have both seen the film.
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
但当and所连接的两个词是指同一观念或同一个人时，谓语动词则用单数。
如：The poet and writer has come.
His end and aim is clear to all of us.
5.集体名词group,class,family,enemy,team,army,crowd,companygovernment等作主语时，如果视为整体，谓语动词就用单数，视为一个个的个体，就用复数。
如：The whole family is going there.
My family are very well.
The government are doing their best to help the poor get rich.
6.当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由either…or,neither…nor,not only…but(also)或not…but连接时，谓语动词通常和邻近的主语一致。
如：Neither he nor I have been to Beijing.
Is either you or he going there?
由there或here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致。
如：There is a piece of paper,two books and three pens on the desk.
Here are some books for you.
7.表示数量的词语的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于句子的意义。看作整体，谓语用单数，看作个体，谓语也可用复数。
如：Two months is quite a long time.
Ten dollars is not enough.
The last three years have been full of happiness.
4,800 square kilometres of ocean were polluted.
8.单复数同形的名词sheep,deer,means,fish,fruit,works作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据句子的意思决定。
如：The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China.
At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks inChina.
9.some,any,none,all,most等代词和half,the rest等名词与of短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数依据of后的名词或代词而定。
如：Some of us like sports.
Some of the money was missing.
The rest of the apples have rotted away.
The rest of the apple has rotted away.
10.one of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数，当定语从句的先行词为one of＋复数名词时，从句的谓语动词为复数。先行词是the only one of＋复数名词时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
如：One of my books is missing.
One of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking is lung cancer.
He is the only one of the teaehers in our school who has been to Hong Kong.
11.表示部分概念或不定数量的名词，如a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a(1arge)quantity of…percent of,a quarter of,one third of修饰主语时，谓语动词的单复数依据of后的名词而定。
如：A lot of work has been finished.
There are a lot of students in our school.
Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
One third of the students in our class are League members.
12.each作主语或所修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。若each位于复数名词或代词之后作同位语，谓语用复数。
如：Each of us has a dictionary.
Each student in our class has a dictionary.
We each have a dictionary.
13.population作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但几分之几或百分之几＋of＋population作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The population of China is the largest in the world.
At present about 28% of Chinese population smoke.
14.两个主语，一个是肯定的，一个是否定的，谓语动词与肯定的主语保持数和人称的一致。
如：My brother,and not I likes playing football。
15.the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，而a number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The number of people who travel by air is larger than before.
A number of other plants were founded in America.
16.在加减乘除的算式中，谓语动词用单复数均可。
如：Three plus three is/are six.
One times two equal/equals two。