高考书面表达题的准备与训练_短文论文

高考书面表达题的准备与训练_短文论文

高考书面表达题的备考与训练,本文主要内容关键词为:书面论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

书面表达作为高考试卷中的主观性试题,其赋分权重达全卷的1/6,北京卷更是高达1/5强,历来倍受广大考生的关注。考生们希望经过自己的努力在高考的书面表达试题上拿到理想的分数,但是阅卷的结果显示,不少考生平时和考前在这方面的学习与训练的策略、方式方法均存在不少问题。如何解决这些问题呢?下面结合实际来谈谈这个问题。

长期以来,高考书面表达题的命题始终坚持了既顾及到让外语水平不高的考生有话可说、有的可写、更考虑到为外语有专长的考生留有合理发挥的空间这一原则,至今,已不存在考生看不懂试题所提供的材料,或根本无从下手答题的问题。因此,考生应对该题型持一种积极的态度,在教师的指导和帮助下进行有针对性的训练,完成知识的积累、能力的培养和专项技能的掌握的过程。

考生在练习写作的过程中,适时地借鉴他人成功的作品是有益的,这样做有时甚至可以使我们“茅塞顿开”。下面为大家提供两篇高考书面表达题考生之做并附对其所做的评议。两篇类型不同的作文均展现出了鲜明的特点,希望其能为考生提供一些启迪与借鉴。

参考作品1

Story of a Tree

Once there was a family acabin(小木屋)under a huge tree.The tree was so big and tall that it could protect the cabin even though the wind blow strongly.As the couple had more children,they found the cabin getting more and more crowded.So they decided to cut down the tree so they would have enough wood to build another cabin.Having made full use of the tree,they finished their work several days later.However,right on the next day the cabin was built up,a strong wind blew off the roofs and destroyed both cabins.Not until that moment did the family realize how important it was to protect our mother earth.They realized for what they had done,but it Was too late.

一、总体评述

本篇为一档中高分作文,语言运用之切题、清晰、得体、流畅很值得赞赏。

文中未使用过多的复杂句子结构和华丽辞藻,但显示出了对书面表达题的要求把握与处理的成熟。从文中数量不多但却具有一定复杂性的句式判断,该考生具有很好的语言基础知识和语言运用能力。但其并未对此过多地“炫耀”,而认准目标,一心一意地完成试题所规定的任务,最终完全达到了预期的写作目标,这实属难得。

遗憾之处在于文中个别词语的使用欠准确。

二、内容表达

文作者在处理本篇虚构事件时,从背景、起因、事件、过程到结果与影响一气呵成,覆盖了所有内容要点,且篇章大局观强,故事叙说圆满且表达流畅、清楚。

三、语言应用

使用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇,体现了较强的语言运用能力,并有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使得所写内容连贯、结构紧凑。

1.使用较好的句式

Not until that moment did the family realize how important it was to protect our mother earth.

在短文结尾,这个句式的使用在突出主题方面起到了“画龙点睛”的作用。

2.使用较好的表达方法

However,right on the next day the cabin was built up,s strong wind blew Off the roofs and destroyed both the cabins.

这个句子作为结尾可以说是“短小精悍”,使人印象深刻。

四、提高建议

短文中个别词语使用的准确性略有缺憾

1)The tree wass so big and tall that it could protect the cabin even though(when)the wind blow(blew)strongly(hard).

2)So(删去)they decided to cut down the tree so(that)they would(could)have enough wood to build another cabin.

3)They realized for(They felt great regret about)what they had done,but it was too late.

少数词语使用的准确性差些,应该在平日的语言学习与实践中多加注意。

事实上,这类让人目光为之一亮同时又夹带些许遗憾的作文在高考中不很多。而下面所展示的类型则占了不小的比例。

参考作品2

Story of a Tree

Once there was a family in a cabin(小木屋)under a huge tree.When the wind blew strongly,the treewould hold back the wind and protect the cabin.Oneday,the man who took the hammer had cut down the trees which was beside the cabin.He cut down all thetrees and made the place where was in front of cabinwas nothing.The couple used of the wood to produced a new cabin that was near the old one.They were very happy.

But,when the wind blew strongly again,therehadn't trees to protect their cabins.So the cabins were destroyed.They weren't happy and regretting do it.

After this stoy,I want say that protecting Mother Earth equal protecting ourselves.

一、总体评述

本文将试题规定的写作内容与要点都覆盖到了,但较多的错误影响了表达的有效性。读者在看此文时会感到很不流畅,这是由于文中无效成分过多所致。可以感觉到短文的作者对写作任务是很有想法的,但没能交代清。这应该归咎于语言知识水平和语言运用能力不强。短文应属于第三档的下端,作者只是以“囫囵吞枣”的方式基本完成了任务。

二、内容表达

作者对试题所要求的内容要点做了具体描述,没有遗漏。但是由于语言使用方面问题较多,使得对部分内容的表达受到干扰,从而影响了写作任务完成的质量。

三、语言应用

作者为完成试题规定的任务尽力地去使用不同的句式和词汇,但显然其所选择使用的词语结构超出了自身语言水平能够有效控制的范围,因而出现了不少问题。从表达细节来看,本篇短文共用了9个句子(sentences),但其中只有两个句子是完成正确的。而在文章中出现的15个主、从句中,使用正确得当的只有3个。

短文中正确的句子包括:

1)There were very happy.

2)So the cabins were destroyed.

3)...the tree wouldl hold back the wind and protect the cabin.

四、提高建议

首先按照作者的意图试分析并改正部分错句:

1)When the wind blew strongly,the tree would hold back the wind and protect cabin.

When a strong wind came,the tree would hold back the wind and protect the cabin.

2)They weren't happy and regretting do it.

They were very sad and regretful for it.

3)One day,the man who took the hammer had cut down the trees which was beside the cabin.

One day the man cut down the tree beside the old cabin with an ax.

4)He cut down all the trees and made the place where was in front of cabin was nothing.

He cut down the tree to make space for a new cabin.

5)The couple used of the wood to produced a new cabin that was near the old one.

The couple built a new cabin with wood just beside their old one.

6)I want say that protecting Mother Earth equal protecting ourselves.

In my opinion,protecting Mother Earth equals protecting ourselves.

作者试图使用自身能力无法控制的词语结构,因此错误百出。改动过的6个句子无论用词还是语法结构均比原文要简单明了得多。相信这样的句子该考生也能够写得出来。

部分考生总以为使用些“高级词汇、复杂语法结构”会多得分。殊不知,在力所不能及的情况下,这样做的结果恰恰适得其反。

建议有此类想法或倾向的考生多读一读历年高考书面表达试题的参考答案例文。

下面我们再来体会一下短文经改动后读起来的效果。

Once there was a family in a cabin(小木屋)under a huge tree.When there came a strong wind,the tree would hold back the wind and protect the cabin.One day the man cut down the tree beside the old cabin with an ax.He did it because he wanted to make space for a ncw cabin.The couple built up a new cabin with wood beside the old one.There were very happy.

But when a high wind blew again,the tree wasn't there to protect the cabins.So the cabins were destroyed.They were very sad and regretful for doing it.

After reading the story,I think that we should protect our earth because it is equal to protecting ourselves.

经改动后的短文除保留了原作者使用的“destroy、regretful、equal”三个属于高中阶段的单词外,所用其他语言内容均不超出初中阶段的要求,而写作任务完成的质量却得以大大提高。因此,建议同学们通过对自己所写的文章进行认真修改来不断提高书面表达的水平和能力。只要狠抓语法和词汇等基础知识的掌握和落实,并在此基础上经常动笔写一写、改一改,写作能力肯定会得到较大的提高。实践证gg,在其他题型上得分不太高的考生是完全有可能在书面表达题上拿到相对理想分数。

从以上两篇短文的写作内容及其语言应用情况看,很显然,写出一篇有质量的短文是不可能“一蹴而就”的,它必然要经过从不熟练到熟练的过程。掌握英语初步写作技能可类比学会骑自行车,开始的时候要熟记要领,掌握要点,循序渐进,并持之与衡。同时还应多观察、借鉴,这同样不可或缺。没有任何人可以在不经任何训练的条件下,轻松地跨上自行车便骑行上路,那样做的结果只能是摔得很惨。英语写作训练也是同理,在有了动机、兴趣、恒心的条件下,要加强实践。在实践的过程中不断了解并掌握其特点和规律,使英语写作水平的提高由量变到质变。考生应该充分认识和了解书面表达题的答题要求、步骤及方法,并在自己的语言能力基础上构建适合于自己的写作训练。

最后建议考生写作练习的方式方法不仅拘泥于完成课上课下教师布置的写作任务,要充分利用更多可能的机会练习书面表达。平日学习生活中同学之间彼此发送短信,收、发E-mail,QQ聊天,网上评论以及留便条、出板报、发通知、写日记等,只要坚持用英文操作,联系并运用日常英语所学,均是大家练习英语写作的极好的机会。如果以上的活动能以英语完成,并在达到了彼此交际交流的目的后,能留意其中彼此所用的词、句、文,并稍后加以矫正和评论,那真是一件积极而完美的事件。这样做的特殊意义在于,这些活动形式与内容均产生于学生的实际生活,同时语言交际对象特定而多样,且交际目的明确,这都与高考书面表达题的某些特点完全一致。可以相信只要考生坚持去做,必将对英语写作能力的提高产生积极的、无可替代的作用。

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