摘要:语法填空是近年来全国高考卷新推出的一种题型,这种题型与原来福建省自主命题的短文填词相近,只是减少了汉语提示和首字母提示,所填内容只分为两种情况:第一种是没有提示词,主要填写一些语法功能性的词语,这种情况就只能填写一个词;第二种是给提示词的情况,是根据所给的提示词写出正确的形式。这种题型要求考生在正确理解文章主旨大意的基础上,特别关注文章微观语境中的词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系,以考查考生对英语词法、句法、固定搭配和语篇的掌握情况和实际应用能力,本题型能全面检测考生对词汇、语法规则和构词法的掌握情况和在特定语境中的英语应用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。那么如何进行有效的复习,提高应试能力,达到事半功倍的效果呢?本文结合笔者对语法填空题解题技巧做了一些探究。
关键词:高考语法;填空题;解题技巧
先来看一下最近2年全国高考语法填空题的考点分布情况统计:名词6,谓语动词13, 非谓语动词10,动词变名4,形容词变副词或比较级7,代词2,介词6,冠词5,定语从句关系词4,并列连词1,状语从句连词2。
从以上分析可见,动词的考查占了考查内容将近半壁江山,其次是形容词,名词,介词,冠词,关系代词等等。针对以上分析,本人详细梳理了近2年全国卷的相关考点,并加以归纳,与读者分享。
一、名词:名词的考查主要是把名词变为复数
1.The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister...(days,2016全国卷Ⅰ)
2. This trend,..., has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as…(effects,2017全国卷Ⅰ)
也有考查把名词变为形容词。如: hunger→hungry,anger→angry,health→healthy, wealth→wealthy,luck→lucky,noise→noisy
二、动词:动词主要考查动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式,以及动词转化为名词形式
语法填空由于题型的限制,谓语形式往往考查过去时(did)和现在时的单数第三人称形式(does),或者考查被动语态(be done)。平时应注意掌握动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化。
考例:When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.(are removed, 2017全国Ⅰ)
非谓语形式往往考查doing(being done),done,to do三种形式,在确定谓语动词考点后,其余提示的动词往往属于非谓语考点,考生要注意分析句子成分,判断所填动词的正确形式(V-ing表主动,V-ed表被动,to do表未发生);有些是固定搭配需要考生熟练掌握。
1.They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat.(to process,2017全国Ⅰ)
2.By 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(eating, 2017全国Ⅰ)
3.I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit)to film a special unit. (permitted,2016全国Ⅰ)
动词转化为名词形式近几年有所考查,常见如:choose→choice,decide→decision,succeed→success,explain→explanation,discover→discovery
考例:
1.... you'll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).(2016全国卷Ⅱ)
2....the great Chinese scholar Confucius, … , influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)
三、形容词:主要考查形容词转化为副词或形容词比较级的应用
变化为形容词应注意如下规则:1.绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。
期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆如: polite-politely; wide-widely;2.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly,如:true-truly;3.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如: simple-simply;terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly;probable-probably;4.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily。
形容词的比较级应注意一些不规则变化形式:bad→worse, good/well→better,little→less,many/much→more,判断比较级的应用要注意比较是否有对象(than)或者其他提示(even,much,a little修饰)。
考例:
1.The title will be 63 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.(officially,2016全国Ⅰ)
2.Even 66 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(worse,2017全国Ⅰ)
四、代词:主要考查形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词,反身代词的正确形式,此时往往有单词提示;如果没有提示,最常考查it的用法
考例:I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.(its,2016全国Ⅰ)
五、介词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
常考in,at,on,for,by, to,of,from, with, without 等
1....which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,...(as,2017全国Ⅰ)
2.But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.(to,2016全国Ⅰ)
六、冠词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
1.As 65 result,(a, 2017全国Ⅰ)
2....while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects. (the, 2016全国Ⅰ)
七、定语从句关系词
1. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.(which,2017全国Ⅰ)
八、并列连词
主要考查and,but,or,so,while,both...and,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等。
1.In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(and,2016全国卷Ⅲ)
九、状语从句连词
常考的连词有when,if,unless,before,as等
1.So get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. (as,2016全国卷Ⅱ)
十、名词性从句
常考主语从句的what, 宾语从句的if/whether
1.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(how, 2015全国卷Ⅱ)
除了以上常见考点外,还常常在语境中考查考生对语言结构和语言知识的考查,这就要求考生要针对语境做细致的分析,以语境为切入点对测试题进行思考,分析,甄别和抉择。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十个考点概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
(作者单位:福建省南安市第三中学 362300)
论文作者:洪韶山
论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2018年5月上
论文发表时间:2018/9/25
标签:动词论文; 形容词论文; 从句论文; 形式论文; 题型论文; 全国论文; 提示论文; 《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2018年5月上论文;