连词在全国卷语法填空中的运用探索论文_陈婵娟

连词在全国卷语法填空中的运用探索论文_陈婵娟

陈婵娟(四川省华蓥中学)

中图分类号:G656.2文献标识码:A文章编号:ISSN1672-6715(2019)10-162-01

英语语法填空题的设置是高考试题的一次改革创新,它将语法知识的考查放入一篇英语短文当中,重点考查学生通过语境灵活运用语法知识的能力,这样可以更客观、灵活、准确地检测学生的语法知识水平。此题分值为15分,虽然仅仅占英语全卷分值的十分之一,同样也是英语试卷的重要组成部分,不容忽视。

语法填空题以纯填空题和给词填空两种形式呈现。相对而言,纯填空题难度大一些,也是此题难点所在。在这个部分当中,对于连词的考查在全国卷当中是个常考点,几乎成为每套试题必考内容之一。在这里,本人结合近几年来的高考试题,就连词如何在全国卷中运用进行探索。

一、定语从句

定语从句引导词的考查,是语法填空题中重要的考查部分,考查范围既包括关系代词,也包括关系副词;既涉及限制性定语从句,也涉及非限制性定语从句。

1. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. (2014Ⅰ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词为a habit且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词that/which。

2. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. (2015Ⅰ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词为the Li River且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词that/which。

3. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016Ⅰ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为my days且在从句部分充当时间状语,故使用关系副词when。

4. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. (2016Ⅲ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius(孔子)且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词who。

5. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. (2017Ⅰ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句部分充当主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词which。

6. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017Ⅲ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词为Sarah且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词that/which。

7. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018Ⅰ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词为a study且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词that/which。

8. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018 Ⅱ)

解析:考查引导定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词为a soil-testing program且在从句部分充当主语,故使用关系代词that/which。

从以上例句可以看出,对于连词的考查,主要以定语从句形式呈现,因此在复习时要把握定语从句的考查要点。首先,正确选用关系代词与关系副词:如果需要在从句部分充当主语、宾语、表语或定语则使用关系代词;如果需要在从句部分充当状语则使用关系副词。其次,注意关系代词that与which的用法区别:1.在非限制性定语从句中,或是当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不同that。2.以下几种情况只用that,不用which:⑴当先行词指的是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, nothing, none, the one时;⑵当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no all等词修饰时;⑶当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时;⑷当先行词是序数词或先行词的前面有序数词修饰时;⑸当先行词既有人又有物时;⑹当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时;⑺当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时;⑻有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。再次,了解关系副词与介词+which的相互转化,有时为了表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to。最后,同样不能忽视as引导的定语从句,掌握一些带有as 的固定句型搭配,如:as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样;as is known to all众所周知;as is often the case正如往常那样;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的。

二、名词性从句、状语从句及并列句

虽然纯填空题连词的考查主要体现在定语从句关系词考查上,但是也会涉及其它从属连词及并列连词的考查。

1. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. (2014 Ⅱ)

解析:考查并列连词。结合前后句可知句子为并列关系,句意为“车站有许多人在等公交车,他们中有些人看起来很焦虑失望”,故使用并列连词and。

2. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (2015 Ⅱ)

解析:考查引导宾语从句的从属连词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导宾语从句,句意为“普韦布洛印第安人非常清楚土坯房的墙需要多厚才能使这个循环持续更多时间”, 故使用从属连词how修饰形容词thick。

3. I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere. (2018Ⅲ)

解析:考查引导宾语从句的从属连词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导宾语从句,句意为“我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是那只不知从何冒出的雌猩猩”, 故使用从属连词who。

4. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. (2016Ⅲ)

解析:考查状语从句引导词。句意:“随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样可以煮的快一点”。此句为时间状语从句,故使用as/when引导。

为了从容应对这些从属连词及并列连词的考查,复习时需要熟练地掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表与从句以及并列句,同时也要积累一些同位语从句的基本句型,如:There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…; There is no denying that…不可否认…;There is no possibility that…不可能…。

论文作者:陈婵娟

论文发表刊物:《基础教育课程》2019年10月19期

论文发表时间:2019/11/20

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连词在全国卷语法填空中的运用探索论文_陈婵娟
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