强调副词much和very的用法比较，本文主要内容关键词为：副词论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
副词much和very都用于表示加强语气，它们在英语中占有特殊的位置，也是英语中最常用的词汇。正确地用好它们对于英语学习者是至关重要的。本文拟就强调副词much和very在用法上的区别作说明如下：
1.大多情况下强调副词much和very的使用选择取决于句法构成。
Much用于强调动词、形容词和副词的比较级和介词短语；而very却用于加强形容词和副词的原级或最高级以及形容词性现在分词的程度。例如：
Alice has much improved her way in dealing with people.（强调动词）
This is a much better book than that I read yesterday.（强调形容词比较级）
He speaks English much more fluently than I do.（强调副词比较级）
He is much in love.（强调介词短语）
This is a very good dictionary.（强调形容词原级）
He will very likely refuse what we decided at the meeting.（强调副词原级）
Hadley is the very best actor in the city.（强调形容词最高级）
He will definitely finish the project the very quickest.（强调副词最高级）
This story is very amazing and amusing.（强调形容词性现在分词）
2.副词much和very都可以用来强调过去分词，但必须注意下列几点用法：
(1)强调用作定语的过去分词，究竟使用very还是使用much来修饰，要看该过去分词是形容词性的还是动词性的。前者只能用very，后者则可用 very，much或very much。例如：
She is a very celebrated scholar.
There was a very surprised look on her face as I told her the news.
His sister is making a very determined effort to finish her essay on time.
上述这些句子中的过去分词都是形容词性的，它们修饰后面的名词。重要是，名词前面的过去分词没有对该名词起动作行为修饰的概念，该过去分词无可争议地起形容词的作用，所以，这里应该用 very来修饰。但是，如果过去分词是动词性的，也就是说，名词前面的过去分词具有对该名词起动词修饰的概念，这种情况用very，much或very much都可以。例如：
There is a(very)much admired performance.
（这里的动词admire对名词performance具有前置修饰的动作行为概念）
请再看下列相似的句子：
The very much injured man was rushed to hospital.
Yesterday I saw a very damaged van at the junction.
(2)在强调用作表语表示（由于某种结果所产生的）精神或心理状态的过去分词时，在口语中使用very；在较为正式场合则使用much；在不太正式的场合中可以用very much来进行强调修饰。例如：
She is very interested in learning English.
He was very grieved that he could do nothing to help her.
His parents are very pleased with his exam results.
We are all much annoyed at those figures having been published.
He is very much excited to hear about your family.
(3)在强调用作表语表示（由于某种结果所产生的）有形的状态的过去分词时，在口语和正式英语中都使用much或very much来进行强调修饰。例如：
Some of the pictures were(very)much damaged.
Our much impaired battalion was billeted in a village scarcely spoiled.
在这一类中，也有人使用very来强调，但被看成是一种草率的用法。如：
The economic climate seems very changed.
The house was very damaged.
但是，在美国英语中，这一类使用强调副词vely和(very)much的区别似乎与上述(2)所提到的区别是一样的。
(4)如果过去分词在句中具有动词的涵义（通常带有以by引导的短语，或者通过上下文表示出来），则不可以用very加以强调修饰，只能使用 (very)much。例如：
She is(very)much cursed by even her own friends.
He has been much amused by the novel.
The countrymen were much alarmed lest they should be attacked by the enemy.
请比较：
Erika was much alarmed by what she was told.
Erika was very alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone.
3.在现代英语中有几十个以前缀a-开首的形容词（即a-adjectives），这些词可以在句中作表语、宾语补语、后置定语等。其中的a-是古英语中介词 on的演变形式。因此，对于这类其中的一些词的强调修饰，一般如同上述介词短语一样应该使用副词(very)much。例如：
She was much afraid.
He is evenvery much alive.
His claret-colored face was surmounted by a travel-stained wig much awry.
但是，也有例外的情况。我们不可以说very abroad，也几乎不可以说very asleep，very awake等，但在a-adjectives之中，如afraid，alert，alike，aloof， ashamed等都可以用副词very进行强调。如：He is very afraid that somebody will recognize him.这种情况在美国英语中要比在英国英语中较为普通些。
4.副词very和much用于强调介词like和形容词different时应注意的情况：
(1)like从作为形容词或副词转为介词用法时，用very进行强调现在仍然十分普通，但有被much取代的倾向。请看下列例句：
It looks very like a good year for farmers.
She reflected that she must look very like a fool.
He appears much like an athlete.
The Danish invasion was much like the invasion of the Saxons themselves.
(2)在强调different时，有时用副词much取代very。例如：
His manner is very different from that of his brother.
People often give very different accounts of the same event.
Nobody expects that the far side of the moon is much different from that which is visible.
5.对于拉丁比较词，如inferior或superior等，如果后面接比较词或者具有意指比较的含义，在强调时用副词much，否则就使用副词very。例如：
This engine is much superior in many respects to that.（接比较词）
The team in blue is much technically superior to its competitors.（接比较词）
He considered Modern music much inferior to that of the past.（接比较词）
The enemy won because of their much superior numbers.（含有意指比较的含义）（意指：there were more of them）
The wine he bought yesterday was very inferior stuff.（极为低劣的）
These silver trays are of very superior workmanship.（具有极高的工艺）