A TIMELY ACT
By Swaran Singh
Dialogue of Asian civilizations encourages inclusiveness to counteract clashes
The author is a professor at the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University,New Delhi
The unprecedented rise of China and several other Asian nations has led to a global transformation. While this has a positive impact on much of the world, it has also unsettled a few leading powers that enjoy a privileged position in the international system.
The U.S. hostility in its trade war on China is a reflection of that resistance to accepting this change, which is irreversible.With China taking added responsibilities from connectivity to climate change initiatives, the West has begun to predict another clash of civilizations. Moving beyond military or even ideological asymmetries, they are now plotting civilizational trajectories, such as U.S. President Donald Trump’s catchword“Make America Great Again” versus the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.
Genesis of clash theory
The rise of China since the 1990s first triggered the China threat theories, projecting the People’s Republic as the next military challenge to the West that emerged victorious following the collapse of the Soviet Union. U.S. political scientist Samuel Huntington presented his “clash of civilizations” theory, asserting that post-Cold War conflicts would be driven not by ideological,economic or national identities but religious and cultural ones.
China was one of the nine civilizations on his list that included as many as five Asian civilizations: Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu,Chinese and Japanese. For Huntington, Islam presented the most immediate civilizational challenge. As his 1993 Foreign Affairs essay said, “Violence also occurs between Muslims,on the one hand, and Orthodox Serbs in the Balkans, Jews in Israel, Hindus in India,Buddhists in Myanmar and Catholics in the Philippines. Islam has bloody borders.”
Nevertheless, there was also a countertradition of not clash but “dialogue among civilizations” which originated in the beautiful city of Isfahan in Iran. In 1902, Safa Khaneh, a village in the city regarded as an interfaith center, initiated these dialogues, mainly between Muslims and Christians. Much later, in 1972,a broader vision was propagated by Austrian philosopher Hans Kochler, who urged UNESCO to hold a conference on dialogue between different civilizations. In 1974 he succeeded in holding the first international conference on the role of intercultural dialogue in Senegal.
Before him, others like French Orientalist Louis Massignon had talked of “clash of cultures” since 1931.
对于二次渐伐冠下天然更新条件，我们对97-99年油松纯林皆伐后天然更新及样地冠下幼树做如下调查。见下表：
Over the years Xi developed his vision to celebrate diversity without uniformity, inclusiveness and learning from each other, and equality for a shared future for humanity.
In his March 2014 speech at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, Xi said “in the course of some 2,000 years and more, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity have been introduced into China successively,” which allowed Chinese music,painting and literature to benefit from the advantages of other civilizations.
综上所述，医学模拟技术在鼻腔鼻窦解剖理论形象化、立体化，并快速有效的提高鼻科医师鼻内镜鼻窦外科技术水平方面具有不可比拟的优势。在鼻科医师培养过程中，必须充分重视医学模型中鼻内镜鼻窦技术的规范化、标准化操作流程。在实际操作中，明确鼻内镜下鼻窦外科技术的要点，规范化掌握鼻内镜手术技术，养成精细化、规范化的手术习惯。
It is this inclusive vision that has been taking shape in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s articulations in the last five years.And other than his focus on Asia, dialogue among Asian civilizations seems conceptualized much beyond West versus Islam as it seeks to encourage an expanded and inclusive exchange involving multiple civilizations.
1.成立营养配餐工作室：我院酒店管理系设有营养配餐专业，从2017年春季开始，酒店管理系成立营养配餐工作室，开始对全校师生进行营养咨询和膳食指导。截止2018年6月，已为全校近百名师生进行全方位的营养配餐，并且多数取得不错的效果，得到师生的一致好评。
Celebrating diversity
夜空里布满了许多耀眼的星星，清脆的爆炸声将光点变成漫天盛开的礼花，天空都被这烟火照得通明。夜色中的矮屋像被路灯照射的塔楼，沉闷的小区变成欢腾鼓舞的闹市，门外聚了一群人，连声拍手喝彩。随烟火在空中化作千百道火光，纵横散乱。我们坐上大人的车，吵着嚷着赶回去了。助动车、摩托车就像两条鲨鱼在海里潜游，连后方骑车的人都目瞪口呆地看着这场跑车比赛。
In the wake of Huntington’s clash of civilizations theory, this counter-narrative was popularized by Mohammad Khatami, Iran’s reformist president from 1997 to 2005.However, Khatami’s campaign was limited to scholarly interactions and he was constantly restrained by domestic political upheavals.
Xi presented these thoughts in his address at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference in 2015, which saw its next annual conference include a session on dialogue of Asian civilizations.
Chinese children who are learning Indian dance perform at an Indian tourism roadshow on August 28, 2018
A woman visits an exhibition on Asian civilizations in Beijing on May 13
Xi credited his vision to his travels to various countries where he sought to engage with the purpose of learning. He has shared this vision at almost all his bilateral and multilateral interactions leading to Beijing hosting the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations. Besides the focus on Asia, the conference encouraged an expanded and inclusive intercourse involving multiple civilizations.
环境保护和生态建设的实践反映出，凡是贯彻落实中央环保决策部署越坚决、越到位的地方和领域，经济社会发展就越健康、越协调；反之，经济社会发展就会不协调、不可持续，甚至付出沉重代价。云南将继续深入贯彻中央关于环境保护和生态建设的系列决策部署，特别是习近平总书记“共抓大保护，不搞大开发”的要求，更加突出抓好生态环境治理和保护、发展方式转变、生态文明体制改革等方面重点工作，努力筑牢长江上游生态屏障。
The China-India cultural and intellectual intercourse presents one of human history’s longest dialogues among civilizations. Today this involves over 2.7 billion people of China and India and also their diaspora and others inspired by their ideas. Their partnership has an enormous potential for building a community with a shared future. There is often a temptation to equate religion with civilization. But the Chinese and Indian civilizations go far beyond any of their religious traditions.
But his efforts triggered a much wider debate at the UN General Assembly in 1998,resulting in 2001 being declared as the UN Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations. The focus was to encourage dialogue among those who perceived diversity of civilizations as a threat and others who saw it as an opportunity to learn from one another and prosper together.
A multitude of voices are underlining both hope and concerns as a shift takes place from inter-state to inter-societal relations.Technology, in particular, is bridging time and space, creating a greater intermingling of cultures and civilizations where people-to-people interactions are determining the nature and direction of inter-state relations. This is making communication skills critical in the propagation of civilizational discourse.
There is an expanding consensus that our shared future does not face any clash of civilizations but a clash between civilizations and the uncivilized regressive elements that could exist in all cultures.
Rationalism, renaissance and the revolutionary human experience, especially since early modern times, call for caution against overemphasizing ancient traditions as the core of a civilization while marginalizing contemporary versions and their material components that also contribute to the making of both culture and civilization.
For instance, China’s Belt and Road Initiative is showing signs of redefining not one but several sectors, including manufacturing, supply chains, and commercial networks, and in doing so transforming industrial policies and economic systems in general. This makes China a major locomotive for transforming material culture.
3.4 肠道菌群与更年期综合征 更年期综合征指部分妇女由于卵巢功能衰退或丧失，因性激素波动或急剧减少，引起机体内分泌失调、免疫力低下和植物神经紊乱的症候群，可导致全身多个系统的病理变化[28]。近年来越来越多研究证明，肠道菌群的改变会引起体内代谢紊乱，且与高级神经精神活动存在密切关系，说明肠道菌群改变可能与更年期的一系列症候群存在一定关系。郭在清[29]研究结果显示，更年期综合征人群肠道双歧杆菌数量显著减少，肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加，益生菌群与肠杆菌科结构发生改变，可能更年期综合征人群由于神经内分泌失调等健康状态的下降，引起肠道有益菌群与腐败菌比例发生变化，从而引起肠道微生态失调。
This also makes it a major competitor for the dominating West and materially driven modernization models. The problems Huawei is facing perhaps remain the most in-your-face example of the link between commerce and culture. Also, the individuality and freedom-driven West has difficulties understanding the family, community and duties-driven East.
It is therefore timely that as a leading rising power, China has decided to peg its foreign policy much beyond growth rates and commerce and begun to reach out to the external world through the innovative approach of starting a dialogue among Asian civilizations.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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