佛教传教士体系 佛教迈向新时代
Hua Lin
林 华
Buddhism has been mainly developed in East Asia and the following countries are having the large number of Buddhist population; China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bhutan, etc. In the remaining area small number of Buddhist population exists.
佛教主要发展区域为亚洲东部，佛教徒人口比例较大的国家为：中国、日本、韩国、蒙古、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、新加坡、斯里兰卡、缅甸、不丹等国。在世界其余大部分地区，佛教影响较小。
Buddhism was introduced to China about 2000 years ago, which combined with some thoughts of Taoism and Confucianism. Mahayana Buddhism became one of main Religions in China. Later on Buddhism spread into Tibet, China on 5 AD, along with local Bon Religion and Tibetan culture, which remains with its own characteristics. Buddhism has special characteristic.
Buddhism went into Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka 2500 years ago. Theravada Buddhism still preserve well.
佛教于东汉初年传入中国，结合了中国的道教和儒教的部分思想，汉传佛教成为中国的主流宗教之一。佛教公元五世纪传入中国西藏地区，与当地的苯教及藏族传统文化结合，形成了有特色的藏传佛教。佛教2500年前传入东南亚地区及斯里兰卡，传统上座部佛教得以很好保存。
In China, after Ming Dynasty (after 1368 AD) the emperor established the Monk Officer System (Sangha Administration System) to manage the Mahayana monks. Though Zen and Pure Land Buddhism are still popular. Buddhist thought develop less.
在中国，进入明朝以后，朝廷设立僧官管理汉传佛教，虽然禅宗、净土宗还在流行，但佛教思想已发展很少。
During Qing Dynasty (after 1636 AD), Mahayana monks only do chanting and meditation. There’s no great master. The Most Ven. Tai Xu who was a very famous monk on early 20 century has said thus;
‘Still worse than Qing Dynasty, Mahayana Buddhism go down really. Now it almost died. Now the Western culture come into East Asia, Chinese academic are far behind and Buddhism is really far behind.’
满清汉地的僧侣，除参禅、念佛之外，几乎无事可做，佛教僧侣中无有杰出人物。太虚大师曾经感慨：“迨乎前清，其（佛教）衰也始真衰矣。迨乎近今，其衰也，始衰而濒于亡矣。从全球运开，泰西文明过渡东亚，我国之政教学术莫不瞠焉其后，而佛教实后而尤后者。”
On 21 century, China Economy grows fast but the growing of Buddhism seems slow. Now Buddhism is more like a culture phenomenon. Almost 40000 temples are in countryside, yet only some monks try to do some Buddhist contributions and those who take part of these events seem sincere Buddhists. Though some monks try some way and do some events, most of the participants are sincere Buddhist.
进入21世纪，中国经济得到了高速发展，佛教的发展，和经济的发展却不相应，佛教更多的成为了一个文化现象，4万多座佛教寺院大部分在乡村地区。尽管一些法师对佛教的发展，做了一些尝试，举办了一些活动，但其面对对象大部分是虔诚的佛教徒。
According to the online resources, in 2010 about 18% people in mainland China consider them self as Buddhists, that is about 240 million. But only 1.7% are getting the formal procedure and having the monk teachers. We can say only 23 million on mainland China are Buddhist on religious standard. Some master think the Buddhist number on religious standard are 50 million that is only less than 4 % of China population.
根据在网络上得到的资料，2010年中国大陆地区有18%的人自我认同为佛教信仰者，这就意味着中国大陆地区有约2.4亿的佛教信仰者。但是，只有1.7%的人是“三皈依”的信徒，也就是说中国大陆地区只有2300万人是正式皈依的佛教信仰者。也有佛教大师认为，正式皈依的佛教信仰者为5000万左右，这也只占中国总人口不到4%。
As mentioned above, there are about 40000 temples in China. Those who intend to be a monk seem very less. There are about 100000 Chinese Mahayana monks and nuns. Concerning its average it is 2-3 monks or nuns in each temple. Many Buddhist colleges in nationwide are unable to recruit enough student.
目前中国有佛教寺院四万多处。但社会精英人士很少愿意出家，汉传僧人总数仅十万人左右。平均每个寺院只有2-3个僧人。许多佛学院招不到多少学生，僧才极其缺乏。
In many other countries, there is a similar problem, only the difference on serious scale.
其他许多国家也出现了类似情况，只是严重程度不同而已。
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According to the problems above, some world Buddhist leaders suggest to have a great reform and to found Buddhist Preacher System.
有鉴于此，部分世界佛教领袖大发菩提心，建议做重大变革，建立佛教传教士体系。
Buddhist Preachers are not traditional monks. If we say traditional monks are similar to Catholic Monks, then Buddhist Preachers are similar to Christian Priests.
佛教传教士不是传统的佛教僧人。可以打个比方，若传统佛教僧人类似于天主教神父的话，佛教传教士则类似于基督教的牧师。
Buddhist Preachers will not live in the temples long time normally. They will mainly promote Buddhism on the society and on life. This way will help Buddhism reform and spreading to the whole world.
佛教传教士一般不长住寺院，主要在社区里、在生活里弘扬佛法。这样有利于，佛教由寺院佛教、法事佛教到城市佛教、文化佛教的转变，有利于佛教在世界各地的传播。
Buddhist Preachers will help Buddhism merge with modern world. Enable people to enjoy the good life while increasing life realm, Emphasis on ethical humanism, attaches great importance to the ecological environmental protection and nature more harmonious.
佛教传教士让佛教与现代化结合，使人类在享受美好生活的同时，提升生命境界，强调伦理人文，重视生态环保与自然更加和谐。
Buddhist Preacher System is easier to be accepted by West countries society and promote Buddhism development on the west countries. Buddhist development on the west countries, may promote the Buddhism merge with Christianity (including Catholic, Protestants, Orthodox) and west countries culture. And it may found the WEST BUDDHISM.
佛教传教士系统更易被西方社会接受，而推动佛教在西方的发展。佛教在欧美的发展，可能可以推动佛教与基督教（包括：天主教、新教、圣公会、东正教）及西方文化的融合，而形成西传佛教。
The following world Buddhist leaders have signed the Proposal of Buddhist Preacher System,
以下世界佛教领袖签署了建立佛教传教士体系的倡议书，
Most Ven. Dr. Kumarabhivamsa
Chairman of State Sangha Committee, Myanmar
缅甸佛教僧伽会主席
His Holiness Bour Kry
The Great Supreme Patriarch of Dhammayuttikanikaya, Cambodia
柬埔寨布格里大僧王
Most Ven. Maha Phong Samareuk
President of Lao Buddhist Fellowship Organization, Lao
老挝佛教会主席
The Most Ven. Udugama Sri Buddharakkhita Maha Nayake Thero, Asgiriya Maha Viharaya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
斯里兰卡Asgiriya教派大僧王
The Most Ven. Niyangoda Vijithasiri
Anynayaka Thero of Malwatta Chapter, Sri Lanka
斯里兰卡Malwatta教派副僧王
The Most Ven. Phraphrommethee
Member of Sangha Supreme Council, Thailand
泰国最高僧伽会 拍蓬美提大长老
The Most Ven. D. Natsagdorj
President of Mongolia Buddhist Association
蒙古佛教会主席
The Most Ven. Thich Tri Quang
The Deputy President of Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha
越南佛教僧伽会副主席 释智广长老
论文作者:林华
论文发表刊物:《文化研究》2017年5月
论文发表时间:2017/8/29
标签：佛教论文; 传教士论文; 斯里兰卡论文; 中国论文; 信仰者论文; 寺院论文; 汉传论文; 《文化研究》2017年5月论文;