摘要：短文改错是高考英语的必考题，考察考生对英语知识的综合运用与把握，但由于学生对短文改错做题方法认识不够，导致很多学生在这一题失分较多，只有掌握正确的做题方法，才能在应试中做到有的放矢。
关键词：英语；短文改错；方法
高考英语考题的短文改错中设有10处错误，文章大意学生都能读懂，但不能顺利地找出相应错误，为了提高学生的短文改错技能，取得理想成绩，下面就短文改错的做题方法进行探究。
本人将其归纳为一个口诀：
动词形，名格数；要注意，形和副；
非谓语，细辨别；代词格，细领悟；
介和短，需关注；冠和连，常光顾；
基序数，相互转；新考法，收此处。
口诀中将短文改错的错误之处分为10个突破口，即，动词、名词和所有格、形容词和副词、非谓语、代词、介词和短语、冠词、连词、数词以及新出考法。下面结合近几年高考英语短文改错逐一进行说明。
一、动词
动词即谓语动词的形式，主要包括三类错误：时态、语态及主谓不一致错误。如：
1.When he gets home,he saw the animal waiting at the door.
2.We were benefited a lot from the fast food business.
在第1个句子中主句用一般过去时态，从句也应该用相应过去时态，所以将gets改为got；第2个句子中根据句意“从……中获益”，用主动语态，所以将were去掉。
二、名词和所有格
指名词单、复数及所有格的用法错误。如：
1.The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks,and mistake as well.
2.When I was little,Friday’s night was our family game night.
第1个句子中mistake为可数名词，部分句意为：“从课本和各种失误中吸取教训”，所以将mistake改为mistakes；第2个句子的Friday’s改为Friday。
三、形容词和副词
注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法，包括比较级和最高级。如：
1.When the teacher asked who can answer the question,I immediate raised my hand.
2.One was that I was amazed at the fact a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
第1句中的immediate修饰谓语动词raised，所以改为副词immediately；第2句中比较级better前误用比较级more，应将more去掉。
四、非谓语
非谓语成分的错误主要有动词-ing、动词不定式和过去分词的用法错误。如：
1.Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
2.She said this morning it will rain and told me carry my umbrella with me.
第1句中wait处为伴随状语，所以将wait改为waiting；第2句中考查固定结构“tell sb to do sth”，将carry改为to carry，实为不定式做宾语补足语。
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五、代词
代词的用法错误主要包括代词误用和偷换人称。如：
1.I had done myself homework but I was shy.
2.I was about to give up when my father came to his assistance.
第1句中误用反身代词作定语，然而反身代词不可作定语，所以将myself改为my；第2句中将代词偷换人称，句意是“父亲来帮助我”，而不是“帮助他”，所以将his改为my。
六、介词和短语
主要考查习惯或固定搭配方面的知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误（还应注意with的复合结构）。如：
1.He was afraid of that his father would beat him.
2.One day,Tom and his friends were playing a cat in a room.
3.One day,my father’s friend bought PDA as a birthday gift to me,I felt very excited.
第1句中应为固定句型“be afraid that…”，所以将介词of去掉；第2句中动词play后加介词with，表示“和……玩”的意思；第3句中“给某人买东西”为“buy sth for sb”，所以将介词to改为for。
七、冠词
冠词的错误：冠词多余、缺少冠词和错用冠词。如：
1.Hearing a news that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in China,I felt excited.
2.As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons.
第1句中news为不可数名词，其前不可用不定冠词，将a改为the；第2句翻译为“当（我）是一个孩子的时候，……”，所以将the改为a。
八、连词（也包括关系词）
连词常见的错误形式有：however,but,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what等连词的误用。如：
1.I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
2.They are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.
第1句存在承接，将or改为and；第2句中garden后为非限制性定语从句，将that改为which。
九、数词
数词错误即基数词和序数词之间的误用。如：
Then,when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher.
本句中将five改为fifth。
十、新考法
They were two reasons for the decision.
本句是一个there be句型，将they改为there。
以上是英语考题中短文改错常见的错误点及其判断和更正方法，希望对英语基础薄弱的同学有所帮助。只要我们平时多练习，重视并掌握做题方法，善于发现短文中每个错句的突破口，相信很多同学都能把本题做好。
论文作者:念小荣
论文发表刊物:《知识-力量》2019年10月44期
论文发表时间:2019/9/27
标签：错误论文; 短文论文; 代词论文; 动词论文; 冠词论文; 句中论文; 介词论文; 《知识-力量》2019年10月44期论文;