摘要:众所周知,在英语写作中,固定句式的应用非常重要。句式使用准确率越高,得到的分数也会相应提高。本文重点探讨there be结构的教与学。
关键词:英语写作;there be结构;教学
众所周知,在英语写作中,固定句式的应用非常重要。句式使用准确率越高,得到的分数也会相应提高。本文重点探讨there be结构的教与学。
首先,there be +主语+状语,意为某处有(存在)某人或某物,其中要注意be的变化,其有现在时is/are、过去时was/were、将来时will be/(is/are) going to be及完成时have/has been的情形,此时主语一般为可数名词。
其次,there be +主语+状语句式中,主语可为不可数名词,此时be全部用单数形式(特殊情况除外)。
再次,将there be句式变为否定句时,一般情况下在be后加not即可,但在将来时和完成时中,not应位于助动词之后be之前。否定句中遇some变any;遇a lot of变many或much;遇something/ somebody变nothing/ nobody。
最后,there be +主语+状语句式,可转化为主语+be+表语。eg:There are some books on the desk.=Some books are on the desk.
下面本文将对there be 的结构特征从以下几个方面详细分析。
一、there be结构的肯定句
英语表示某时某处有(指存在)某人某物时用“there be+主语+状语”句型。eg:There are twenty boys in our class.
there be结构中,there是引导词,无词义,be是谓语动词,be后面的名词是主语,两者必须在数上保持一致;若有两个及以上主语时,谓语常与靠近它的那个主语一致。eg:There is a book on the desk./There are water and grass on this place.
二、there be的否定句和疑问结构
1.否定式(表“没有……”):There be +not (any)/no+主语…。eg:There are not any people in the room.There is no air and no water on the moon.
2.疑问句①一般疑问句:Be + there +(any/no)+主语…?
eg:—Is there any water in the glass?—Yes,there is some./—No,there isn’t(any).
②特殊疑问句:当提问定语或状语时,常用疑问词(+名词)+be + there +状语?eg:How many students are there in your class?
当提问定语时,对可数名词用how many 提问,对不可数名词用how much提问。eg:There is a sheep under the tree(对划线部分提问)。提问:How many sheep are there under the tree?
当提问主语时,不论单复数,均用what 提问,且谓语用单数,最重要的是there 要去掉,而回答时用单数或复数均可。
eg:There are some sheep under the tall tree. 提问:What’s under the tall tree?回答:There are some sheep./There is a sheep.
③反义疑问句:肯定句(There be +主语+状语)的反问句用Isn’t /Aren’t+ there?否定句(There be not+主语+状语)的反问句用Is/Are+ there构成,切不可用it/ they代替there。eg:There is some coffee in the cup, isn’t there?/There is nobody in the classroom, is there?
三、there be结构中的时态、助动词以及情态动词
there be结构中be有不同的时态,且同各种助动词或情态动词连用。
期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆eg:There was a lot of rain last year./There must/can be someone in the room.
四、“There be”结构中谓语动词的其他形式
下面,我们将对there be的其他结构进行补充说明。
1.某时有某时 :There are 12 months in a year.
2.预报天气:There will be heavy rain this evening.
3.有某人做某事:There is somebody singing in the room.
4.表推测:(There must/can/may sb./sth.+介词短语)There must/ can/ may be someone in the classroom.
5.固定句式:①There is no sense/no purpose/no point/no use/no good in doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no sense in helping such a man like him.
②There is no / some difficulty/ trouble/ problem in doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难。There is no difficulty in finishing the work in 2 hours.
6.独立主格:There being(Because there was) no money on me,I had to borrow some from Lily.
7.there be的复合结构:eg:①I want there to be a home.②Ann never dreams of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad for study one day.
8.there be的被动语态:eg:There is said/reported to be a film tomorrow evening.
9.There seems/happens/appears/used to be+sth./sb.…好像/碰巧/过去常常有。
eg:There seems to be nobody in the hall.
10.除be外,能与there连用的系动词有stands /lives/exists/lies。
eg:There exists a greedy old man in the town.
11.There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。eg:There is no need to kill him.
12.There is sth./nothing wrong/the matter with sb./sth.=Sth./Nothing is wrong with sb.eg:There is something wrong with my eyes.
13.动名词在there be结构中做主语的情形:there is no doing sth.
eg:There is no denying the fact.
14.同位语从句:
①There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……
eg:There is no doubt that Tom won’t come to help you.
②There is no/a possibility that…没有可能/有可能……
eg:There is no possibility that Lily has gone to England for study.
③There was a time when…曾经……
eg:There was a time when I had been here.
综上所述,只要学生由浅入深、逐步理解、多加练习,牢记本文所讲,从肯定句、否定句、特殊问句、反问句及主语的变化影响到be的变化,要牢记心间,特别把时态及其高级句式背会并熟练使用。这样做的话,笔者认为一定会学好的。
(作者单位:甘肃省靖远三中 730600)
论文作者:宋学波
论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年7月下
论文发表时间:2017/11/2
标签:主语论文; 状语论文; 句式论文; 结构论文; 疑问句论文; 谓语论文; 动词论文; 《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年7月下论文;