麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉在预防剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后低血压中的效果观察论文_王金成

依安县妇幼保健计划生育服务中心 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161500

摘要:目的:对我院剖腹产患者应用麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉,探究对腰硬联合麻醉后低血压的效果。方法:选取我院2016年9月~2017年9月收治的剖宫产产妇80例,按照入院先后顺序随机分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。对照组实施腰硬联合麻醉,同时进行液体同步负荷,注射2μg/kg高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉,观察组在对照组基础上加入15mg麻黄碱皮下局部浸润。记录2组产妇临床效果。结果:2组孕妇麻醉前BP、HR比较差异无显著性。观察组麻醉后3minSBP开始下降,于麻醉后5min时下降最为明显,与麻醉前及对照组比较有显著性差异。观察组麻醉前后SBP、HR差异无显著性。对照组恶心呕吐发生率较高。结论:麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉应用对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后低血压具有一定预防作用。

关键词:麻黄碱;剖宫产:腰硬联合麻醉

Effect of local infiltration anesthesia with ephedrine on preventing hypotension after combined spinal epidural anesthesia for cesarean section

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of ephedrine subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia on the patients with caesarean section in our hospital. Methods: 80 cases of cesarean section admitted to our hospital from September 2016 to September 2017 were randomly divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=40) according to the order of hospitalization. In the control group, the combined spinal and hard anesthesia was carried out. At the same time, the liquid synchronous load was carried out and 2 g / kg hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch was injected. The observation group was added to the control group on the basis of the subcutaneous local infiltration of 15mg ephedrine. The clinical effects of 2 groups of parturients were recorded. Results: there was no significant difference in BP and HR between the 2 groups before anesthesia. The 3minSBP of the observation group began to decrease after anesthesia, and the decrease was most obvious at 5min after anesthesia, which was significantly different from that before anesthesia and in the control group. There was no significant difference in SBP and HR between the observation group before and after anesthesia. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in the control group. Conclusion: the application of ephedrine subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia has certain preventive effect on hypotension after combined spinal epidural anesthesia for cesarean section.

Key words: Ephedrine; cesarean section: combined spinal epidural anesthesia

腰硬联合麻醉凭借其肌松效果好、快速、安全等优点已被广泛应用于剖宫产手术,但由于术中低血压发生率较高,常危及产妇及胎儿安全。临床上,对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉低血压的防治方法多样而不统一,为探讨一种更有效的防治低血压的方法,笔者使用麻黄碱,在实施麻醉穿刺前开始输注的方法,观察对预防产妇低血压的效果,现报告如下。

1.资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取我院2016年9月~2017年9月收治的剖官产产妇80例,按照入院先后顺序随机分为(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。试产妇入选标准:选择妊娠大于38周拟行剖宫产手术,产妇80例;ASAI~Ⅱ级,有腰麻的适应证;年龄22~33岁;获知情同意。排除标准:高龄产妇,严重妊娠合并症;对酰胺类局麻药过敏或有不良反应患者;低血压、低血容量及休克患者;凝血功能障碍者;中枢神经系统疾患,如脊髓灰质炎、脑脊髓膜炎等;穿刺部位和其他邻近组织有局限性感染者;肝、肾功能异常患者;剔除标准:麻醉平面未达到T6;患者自行退出者。观察组40例,年龄18~43岁,平均(30.8±4.6)岁;对照组40例,年龄18~41岁,平均(30.5±4.8)岁。2组产妇一般资料比较差异无统计学意义。

1.2方法

所有产妇术前均禁食水6h,未给予麻醉前用药。入手术室后安静休息10min,常规进行心脏监测,并计算连续两次血压、心率的平均值作为基础值。取左卧位手术,进行腰硬联合麻醉,并实施布比卡因重比重平面液9.0—10.5mg注射。其中对照组于麻醉后15min,迅速注射2μg/kg高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉,注射液为10mL/kg,观察组在对照组基础上加入15mg麻黄碱皮下局部浸润入产妇体内,采用15ml/(kg·h)注射乳酸林格液维持,注射方式均为静脉注射。

1.3统计学方法

采用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验:计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用x2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2.结果

2组孕妇麻醉前BP、HR比较差异无显著性。观察组麻醉后3IninSBP开始下降,于麻醉后5min时下降最为明显,与麻醉前及对照组比较有显著性差异。观察组麻醉前后SBP、HR差异无显著性。对照组恶心呕吐发生率较高,观察组低血压发生率最低,占15%,无恶心呕吐发生。

表1.2组产妇不同时间点收缩压和心率变化

3.讨论

综上所述,麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉应用对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后低血压具有一定预防作用。

参考文献:

[1]贾献辉,叶常红.麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后低血压的预防效果观察[J].中国生化药物杂志,2016(2):46-47.

[2]郭会江,马春梅,谢秋明,等.小剂量甲氧明、麻黄碱联合预防剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉术中低血压的效果[J].中国医药导报,2016,13(31):93-96.

[3]陈小妹.胶体液预扩容联合静脉预注少量麻黄碱对剖宫产腰-硬联合麻醉低血压的防治效果[J].中国实用医药,2016(6):187-188.

论文作者:王金成

论文发表刊物:《世界复合医学》2018年第04期

论文发表时间:2018/6/15

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麻黄碱皮下局部浸润麻醉在预防剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后低血压中的效果观察论文_王金成
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