聊城市中心医院
【摘 要】目的 讨论护理干预在支气管镜检查中的作用,以减少不良反应和并发症。方法 对50例患者应用纤维支气管镜检查,总结不良反应,护理配合要求。结果 50例患者中有8例有明显活动性出血,5例活检后镜下见少量出血,未予处理,4例氧饱和度<85%,胸闷气促,停止操作。结论 充分术前准备,严密术中观察,具有针对性护理措施是提高手术成功率的关键。
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【关键词】纤维支气管镜检查;护理;活检
【Objective】 to discuss the role of nursing intervention in bronchoscopy in order to reduce adverse reactions and complications. Methods 50 patients were examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy,and the adverse reactions and nursing cooperation requirements were summarized. Results among the 50 patients,8 cases had obvious active bleeding. A small amount of bleeding was found under microscope in 5 cases without treatment. 4 cases had oxygen saturation less than 85%,chest tightness and shortness of breath,and stopped operation. Conclusion adequate preoperative preparation,strict intraoperative observation and targeted nursing measures are the key to improve the success rate of operation.Objective to discuss the role of nursing intervention in bronchoscopy in order to reduce adverse reactions and complications. Methods 50 patients were examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy,and the adverse reactions and nursing cooperation requirements were summarized. Results among the 50 patients,8 cases had obvious active bleeding. A small amount of bleeding was found under microscope in 5 cases without treatment. 4 cases had oxygen saturation less than 85%,chest tightness and shortness of breath,and stopped operation. Conclusion adequate preoperative preparation,strict intraoperative observation and targeted nursing measures are the key to improve the success rate of operation.
【Key words】Fiberobronchoscopy nursing biopsy.
纤维支气管镜检查是呼吸系统疾病常用的检查手段,检查中护士默契护理配合是保证纤维支气管镜检查取得顺利的关键。本院2019年1月-2019年6月对50例患者在无x线监测下行纤维支气管镜检查,取得良好效果。现将护理总结如下:
1.临床资料
自2019年1月—2019年6月,本院共50例,男 22例,女28例,年龄24-70岁,其中门诊55 例,住院 400 例,诊疗病种有慢性支气管肺炎、支气管扩张、肺癌、肺结核等各种呼吸系统疾病。 护理配合
2.术前护理
(1)备好急救药品,检查仪器性能,准备好基本器械,如活检钳、细胞刷检、灌洗瓶等备用。术前根据患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、讲解手术的全过程及术前、术中、术后的注意事项,介绍支气管检查的必要性和安全性,耐心地向家属讲明术中可能出现并发症使患者及家属消除顾虑,缓解心理压力,以取得患者术中主动配合操作。(2)术前询问肺部ct片、查肝功能、心电图、凝血时间、血小板检测等报告。严格掌握手术适应症和禁忌症。(3)检查前用2%利多卡因超声雾化5-10分钟。术前4小时禁食水,以免恶心、呕吐引起吸入性肺炎至窒息,术前30分阿托品0.5mg以减少支气管分泌物,防止迷走神经反射减 咳嗽反射,以免检查中误吸或误咽。
3.术中配合
协助患者平卧位,全身放松。进镜前经鼻腔滴石蜡油2-3滴润滑以免损伤鼻腔,给流量氧气吸入3-5l/min,进镜时密切观察患者全身情况如面色、神志、血氧饱和度、生命体征等变化。纤支镜达到声门时,可注入2%利多卡因溶液2-3ml局部麻醉,使支气管镜顺利插入。到达肺部病变部位,医生把活检钳插入目标段支气管嘱咐患者深吸气,护士张开活检钳再嘱患者尽力呼气,在患者呼气末钳夹肺组织并缓慢退出。操作过程中有明显活动性出血时及时用0.9冰生理盐水冲洗或1:10000肾上腺素注入止血,同时不断向病人作简单解释,指导其作深呼吸,出现呼吸困难、心动过速、气胸等停止检查。护士与医生配合中动作轻巧、默契配合医生操作,使用活检钳要稳、准、轻巧、小心地钳取病变组织,收集组织标本放入10%福尔马林溶液固定,及时送检。
4.术后护理
镜检术后应禁食水2小时,待麻醉作用消失后可进流质或半流质,多休息,少说话,不要用力咳嗽、咳痰。术后患者休息10分钟。观察患者生命体征,做活钳后应注意有无活动性出血、气胸等并发症。门诊病人观察30分钟后可在家属陪同下离院。
5 小结
对不明原因咯血、肺部肿块性质及其他呼吸系统疾病有着诊断和治疗的意义。该项操作简单,安全可靠,创伤小。充分术前准备,术中与医生默契配合,科学术后护理是顺利完成操作的重要因素。
论文作者:崔元珠
论文发表刊物:《中国医学人文》(学术版)2019年第11期
论文发表时间:2019/12/3
标签:患者论文; 术前论文; 术后论文; 支气管镜论文; 纤维论文; 支气管论文; 活动性论文; 《中国医学人文》(学术版)2019年第11期论文;